For the German philosopher Leibniz, a truth is a verifiable proposition, a correct judgement. Unknowable Thing: Are there any uninteresting people? Are something unknowable Tok? 2. You are required to choose one prompt from the list below, and it must be exactly from this list and you cannot change the wording. Unknowable Thing: Will a computer program ever stop? Share this: Twitter Cat in a box by chispita_666, CC BY 2.0. The projecting of analogies or models is part of the erecting of a framework from which you will demonstrate how you have viewed the objects/images present and show them in a new light (possibly) to others. They are either accepted or rejected and no further discourse is possible about them. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. Whats crazy about it (actually, one of a few things), is that there is a different constant for each program, so there is an infinite number of values for this constant which is usually shown as a Greek omega (). If one follows through on this distinction between ignorance and madness, one can see that a great deal of madness is prevalent today in advanced societies. Will it be conscious? Things Exist That Are Unknowable | Mind Matters We tried to explain basic phenomena concerning our lives, such as weather, or nature using myths and legends, which indicate that this knowledge is beyond our grasp. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. However, it does not supply a sufficient reason for the shops being closed. What counts as good evidence for a claim? They are the creators of the shadows within Platos Cave. In your study of Group 3 subjects, you will hear both the words culture and world-view said often. The truly wonderful thing about Grahams number is that its possible to calculate the last few digits and we know it ends in a 7. It has been confirmed experimentally, that many quantum particles behave this way they have no exact state until observed, with each state having a certain probability, just like the cat. One problem was to prove that mathematics was consistent which would be jolly nice to know. CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts - Theory of Knowledge: An they are not underway towards something because they already possess knowledge of the things about which they deliberate and those things are the things which are permanent. This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. Perhaps the greatest challenge you will face is that the total word count for this document is 950 words (excluding references). But this metaphor extends to events outside the financial market. With regard to the production of knowledge, Shakespeares The art is nature perhaps captures it best; it is what we as human beings are. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. It is no surprise that the great discoveries of modern physics were primarily initiated by Germans, Einstein and Heisenberg for instance, just as it is not an accident that the great discoveries of Newton and Darwin belong to the English-speaking world. Why are some things unknowable? Explained by Sharing Culture Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. Today we can easily obtain up to 1 billion numbers after a coma just by searching on the internet, but we still cant know the last digit. As the philosopher Kant said: The mind makes the object. My prompt: Are some things unknowable?DOWNLOAD YOUR FREE TOK PACKET (THIS NEW ADDRESS WORKS)http://www.getanaintok.com/freestuffTOK Essay Tutoringhttps://www.fiverr.com/share/NEAQ6VTOK Exhibition Tutoring:https://www.fiverr.com/share/V7AB8BGet a great score in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme by scoring as high as you can in Theory of Knowledge! True education is the leading out and a liberation towards seeing revealed truth. * Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One *Full PDF | by Fzwz | Feb, 2021 | Medium src=https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/c7Mws_HMxtpdNUQ_ayHh3eiSaBaWO42tJktc4Bw517ci-zF7PnewPK9ripgkcMg_qrlQue-XerOEqQxZ9y6Rs3b0P_ZAkJ3efXKZdTqSchfujUT8TopWEDxdE2e77chWk6oFEdw” width=305 height=410>. Reasons must be rendered or handed over for the things which first give themselves to us. However, here are a couple of things that might be true, but not provable: A perfect number is a positive, whole number whose divisors add up to itself. One of the pieces of knowledge that was wrongly assumed as unknowable was a winning strategy for blackjack. 20. Are some things unknowable?.docx - Are some things unknowable? Object 1 Object 1: The Smiling Assassin TOK Exhibition Sample & Breakdown: Are Some Things Unknowable? What this definition indicates is that the production of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne, and in all of those prompts that speak of the production or producing of knowledge we can be certain that the technological viewing of the world is at play. So, if you were an astronomer in 2 trillion years, there would be no way of knowing that there were billions of other galaxies in the universe and if anyone suggested it, youd laugh derisively and say show me the evidence; you have nothing.. what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. Just as Artificial Intelligence machines arrive at their conclusions that are held in their programming (producing a haiku, for example), you too will also produce an outcome based on your chosen prompt in the manner of how you will examine your three images or objects; and like an Artificial Intelligence machine (to use a metaphor), you will produce a pre-programmed response though you may not be consciously aware of this. no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. According to Kant, our cognition renders sufficient reasons for the being of objects when it brings forward and securely establishes the objectness of objects and thereby brings itself to objectness, that is, to the being of experienceable beings. Until they become a thing, they are not knowable. This paradox caused quite a lot of consternation amongst mathematicians. did not belong to Mr. Gates but came from outside of him. We doubt a claim when we are lacking certainty and reliability regarding those who are making the claim, the sources of the claim, or when the things about which the claim is being made are not sufficiently justified, that is sufficient reasons have not been supplied for the claim. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/Introduction-to-Theory-of-Knowledge-An-Alternative-Approach-er4qvq, https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/CT-1-Basic-Concepts-equfll, CT 1: Knowledge and the Knower: Historical Background, CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts, The Assault on Truth: Real Life Situations (RLS)Observations, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Introduction, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Dewey and Education, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Christianity: Thoughts on the Lords Prayer, The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge, The Natural Sciences: Historical Background, Notes on Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science, Darwin and Nietzsche: Part II: The Essence of Truth as Representation, Darwin and Nietzsche Part IV: Metaphysics as Logic: The Grounds of the Principle of Reason. The doing and making of technology, what we understand as instrumentality, is secondary to how technology determines what a being or thing is in the first place. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. Our limits of comprehension may result from insufficient technology or lack of prior knowledge in this matter. 16. If it does, then it shouldnt be in the set, but if it doesnt, then it should. To disseminate means to spread something widely so that it is available for public viewing; it is a bringing to presence of some thing so that others may be able to view it. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. Another, more advanced level, is to recognize that other beings exist, each their information about the world. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. To whom or to what are we obliged to them and why? To count can be understood as what is a priori in the project, such as your Exhibition itself. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. Thank you sm for this post!!! Thoughtful connections can be made here. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. Why, there are infinity they never stop. What knowledge itself is does not change, and all knowledge is based on an interpretation. You might begin by examining how the word values is itself an example of the great change that occurred during that period we call the Renaissance when human beings became the centre of the things that are, with the consequence that we have the rise of the age of humanism. Is there such a thing or mode of being as objectivity? Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance in the light of which humans make or produce things and can take a stand at all towards things. Thus, it is clear that synecdoches (a part representing the whole) are not acceptable because they are not objects, rather they are symbolic representations, such as the one mentioned in the question. This brain-hurting theorem was developed by Kurt Gdel. the book is on the table, etc. They were asked to choose one prompt from a given list and display an object of personal relevance or interest that connects to their prompt, along with an explanation of how this object shows TOK manifesting in the world around us. Here are the possible solutions for "Unspecified object, no matter what" clue. We see evidence for this in the Liar's paradox, the Halting Problem, Godel Incompleteness, etc. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is yes, so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered knowledge prior to it. God, for example, is not a thing in that he is not calculable or measurable within the overall parameters of time and space positions and locations. Plato examines the relation of the body to the soul under the themes of illness and deformity in his dialogue Sophist. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. When one reads modern essays, doctoral theses, and other research in most areas of knowledge, one finds that there are no references from, say, before 1980 in the research. Some knowledge is better to be kept within its community of knowers, and some knowledge must be shared with the global community of . This is a particularly troublesome prompt because it requires an exploration of the terms impose and ethical obligations. epistemology - What is considered to be unknowable? - Philosophy Stack 3 netflix/my-en/title/ I just have one question. This can be done through perception and calculation. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? This isn't just my opinion - this is according to accepted theory. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. When I was at school, we were taught that an atom was like a mini solar system with a sun-like nucleus in the middle with electrons orbiting, and the electrons were like tiny marbles. When what is is defined as object, as object it becomes the ground and basis of all things, their determinations as to what they are, and the kinds of questioning that determine those determinations. Ways have been gotten around the paradox essentially by redefining set theory. In summary, the theorem shows that you cant prove mathematics consistent using just mathematics (youd have to use a meta-language). It will be equally likely for someone to believe that this idea is a part of our world, as for another to claim that it is just a thought. The what and the how of the object is already pre-determined and the inquiry is to find an understanding of the why. However, Grahams number knocks these toddlers out of the ground it was used by Ronald Graham in his (to me) incomprehensible work on multi-dimensional hypercubes (its the upper limit to one of the solutions). To count comes from the Latin reor and it is directly related to the Latin word ratio. That which is animate is also included here in this determination of being as object: nothing distinguishes humans from other animals or species (Darwins Origin of Species). Implication is the act of implying,the state of being implied. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. One of the simpler levels is that a being is aware that it exists. the truth as unconcealment i.e what we have determined a thing or being to be in the first place. As a first step in the exhibition process, you should choose the IA prompt you will use to connect the three objects to. Otherwise there will always be people who do not agree and claim that we still do not know what consciousness is. Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. Our delimitations and definitions of the things are arrived at prior to their placement in various domains of knowledge and these horizons of the things are arrived at through the use of the principle of reason in our cognitions. The principle of reason states: nothing is without (a) cause or nothing is without a reason or nothing is without reason. Top 10 Interesting Things About The People Of Pompeii, Top 10 Fascinating Things Scientists Discovered About Salt, Top 10 Studies That Contradict Common Things We Believe, Top 10 Intriguing Things That Make Ice Incredible, Top 10 Things You Never Knew About Saliva, 10 Historical Shoe Rituals and Superstitions You Might Not Know About, 10 Unusual and Incredible Reinterpretations of Classic Artworks, 10 Ancient Fertility Treatments You Wouldnt Want to Use Today, 10 Inventive Ways People Survived Winter Before Electricity, 10 Bleak Facts about Victorian Workhouses, 10 Amazing Archeological Discoveries Made by Dogs, 10 Unsolved Mysteries Involving Disturbing Phone Messages, 10 Ancient Languages With Unknown Origins. Knowledge as it is defined in the Oxford Dictionary involves facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It is this that is the great paradigm shift of human being-in-the-world in the modern age and determines the actions that we choose to take and whom among us is sane or not. Well done. This is a number with infinite digits after the comma. Historicism denies this truth and it asserts that there is no truth outside of the historical contexts from which it has been produced. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. Our common understanding of values is one hazily arrived at and derived from what Aristotle called The Ethics and, for Aristotle, these had to do with the actions of human beings in defining and achieving their ends, their desires and goals. With the knowledge that we gain from algebraic calculation, it should come as no surprise that what is called finite calculus was established by the founder of the principle of reason Gottfried Leibniz. This is what Kant called his transcendental method. He proved that its impossible to automatically determine which will happen I know you might argue you could run the program and see what happens but supposing it only stops after 7 trillion years? From where do these obligations stem? If we read the prompt in the light of such expressions as being in the picture, putting oneself in the picture, getting the picture which imply a complete mastery of what the picture is a picture of we see that world-picture essentially means not a picture of the world, but the world conceived as picture from within a framing. Even when we have a theory explained in hindsight from an event that we take as a priori, neglecting at the same time the fact that the probability of this event to happen again is near zero. This is usually done through reason as logic, through analogy or metaphor i.e. Others argue however, that these experiments simply measure advancement of the brain from which we reason that the being is conscious or not and consciousness isnt measured directly. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence. He thought up the concept of a general purpose computing machine (now called a Turing Machine) as a thought experiment he didnt envision someone actually building one. When we speak of owning knowledge, we are speaking about that which we have taken possession of for ourselves: I get it!, I understand and it is now mine. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher The belief of the first type is axiomaticin that it is based upon first principles or self-evident truths. (cf. v) Shakespeares Macbeth is not a play about ambition: Shakespeare is not against ambition; it is a play that concerns the outcomes of the illness that at times accompanies ambition and the ambitious. It is this gap in our knowledge of what is our own and what is not that is a great mystery for us if we give thought to it. When we ask what counts as knowledge, the language of the question should surprise us. When we create a hypothesis that all swans are white, we eliminate the possibility that there might be a black swan. This is done in the modern physical sciences. judgements, and thus sets itself over-against the world as to an object. Most of these are mathematical; I've tried to make it as nontechnical as possible - apart from anything else, I'm no mathematician so I've tried to dumb it down enough so that I can understand it. 3. The prompt indicates that human beings live within grounds or reasons and we view the objects of our world in terms of possibilities and potentialities. Each of the prompts is discussed in turn below: This is a useful prompt in that one may be able to respond to it in the simplest of terms or one may proceed to the very abyss of what thinking is in ones response to it. Unknowable Thing: Whats in a set of sets that dont contain themselves? . The first scientific attempt to create an optimal strategy for blackjack was revealed in the paper for the Journal of the American Statistical Association. Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place. Adherents of the same world-picture may hold different world-views and enter into conflict employing the weapons supplied by their common world-picture. Not only are they unknown now, they can never be known. Subjectivity does not mean subjectivism but is rather the dwelling of the claim of the principle of reason which has as its consequences the Information Age and the Age of Artificial Intelligence in which the particularity, separation and validity of the individual disappears in favour of total uniformity. Object 1: Pterodactyl Fossil Identification: My first object is this is a pterodactyl fossil found by a fossil hunter in the Sandown Bay on the Isle of Wight, UK. We do not have to look far for examples of disputes with the proper naming of things and you may find any number of them for your Exhibition. Human beings becoming a subjectum is to be found in the thinking of Descartes. It can also be a statement exhibiting a relation of implication i.e. We know more today than we have ever known, and we add to that store of information every day. Technically, the principle says that you cant know the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. Hence, humanism arises at the same time as the world-picture, a philosophical interpretation of man that explains beings as a whole in terms of man and with a view to man. Technology is that violence that is asserted upon nature which demands reasons for a beings being the way it is. Not only are they unknown now, they can never be known. The providing ofsufficient reasons is what we consider to be a good justification for a claim. Presumed familiarity with something is the proper origin of deception and error. It is through research that we believe we can uncover that which has been hidden. 35 IA Prompts | TOK DISCUSSIONS The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: The scholars dig up what they themselves buried. This conference will look at the many ways in which the unknowable figures in multiple areas of inquiry and scholarship. 5. The main idea is that we can't know " X is an . One is laid beside the other so that the one is orientated and conforms to the other by means of a relationship that you will establish. OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. One may wish to take the journey down the path which discusses techne as that type of knowledge which is in another and for another and provide examples of various products of human endeavours that provide human beings with some good end or usefulness. somethings are unknowable even though we have some knowledge about them. For example, the virtue of a thoroughbred racehorse is to run fast; it is not good if it does not or cannot do so. Why is an alternative approach necessary? Such a definition is correct to a point. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. She does not have the power within herself to restore health itself, but she can establish the conditions where nature restores the health required for the patient i.e. Usually we associate experience with an intense effect on ones inner life, but not necessarily externally, as in That was quite an experience. A good-looking and whimsical maid from Thrace laughed at him and told him that while he might passionately want to know all things in the universe, the things in front of his very nose and feet were unseen by him. Plato adds, This jest also fits all those who become involved in philosophy. Affects, passions and feelings (the manner in which we conceive of emotion) are not to be seen as inner experiences: what we are concerned with here is not psychology, not even a psychology underpinned by physiology and biology, but . are also objects that could come under consideration with this prompt. But while these world-pictures are constructed in dealing with the beings that are involved in those domains, it is technology as the theoretical viewing that dominates how the beings will be inquired about and the manner of questioning regarding their being. It may be useful to you to determine which prompts belong to the same sub-group in terms of their main theme. How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge?When we speak of the improvement in something, we are implying that the thing spoken about is better or is in a better condition than it was previously. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. We are obliged to the things about us if we want them to work at their most efficient level. A sufficient reason is both a demonstration and an explanation of some thing or event, but the thing or event must be made and become an object of inquiry a priori through the application of the principle of sufficient reason. Object 1 - Clock. What role do experts play in influencing our consumption or acquisition of knowledge? Your email address will not be published. Unspecified object, no matter what. We find such certainty and surety in the knowledge that results from mathematical calculation; that is, mathematical calculation is a predication of the subject knowledge i.e. The bias in the production of knowledge will be determined by the ends that have been chosen which will, in turn, determine the methods in which those ends will be achieved, usually unethical ones. The philosophical problem is about the lack of knowledge when it comes to rare events that never happened before. Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. Neither of these two AOKs are systems in the true understanding of that word and are rather interpretations of what Westerners see and how they account for the beings as a whole and for their understanding of those beings. But what about the things that are about us? Speed of Light Information can't be transmitted faster than the speed of light. Technologys essence is that it is the theory that determines the practice. It is possible to define truth for one system in a stronger system; but of course, you cant define truth in that stronger system, youd have to move on to a still stronger system and so on, indefinitely searching for the unreachable truth.