Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. Therefore the results are valid. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). 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B) If this is an ideal scenario where energy is not lost and the ball continues to bounce infinitely, what is the distance of travel? The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. If you choose to study on any other variable, following are samples of hypothesis. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the This was when the ball was falling in air. Therefore the ball goes higher. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. Without a control you cannot be sure that changing the variable causes your observations. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? Method: To set up the You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. his the height of the balls bounce. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Soccer Science Fair Project: Air Pressure & Distance - Education Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. Removing the maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the middle three results also provided more accurate results. This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. Bouncing balls AT (Year 8 This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. Control Variable? Definition and Examples The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. Something about its situation then must determine its rebound, but what? There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. To a wider range of results i.e. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. What type of ball bounces the highest The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. (The upward direction was assumed to be positive in this example. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The last term is also known as the nth term of a geometric progression; n is the number of terms and a is the first term while Sn is the sum of the terms in the sequence as shown in the equation below. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. 7. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Tape the ruler to the wall. WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. The The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. Bouncing Ball Lab - Warren County Public Schools If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. Bouncing balls experiment 1. 1. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. Is a bouncing ball an example of potential energy? What is happening to the balls energy with each bounce? When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. List three. 7. At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. They can be the hardest part of a project. Bouncing Ball Example: Experiment, Formula, Force, Motion In this experiment you will measure the bounce of a dropped ball for different release heights. 2. The slope of the line in graph 1 was found to be 0.5. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. Locate the peaks and record the time for each peak. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. ThatQuiz If a ball reaches terminal velocity at 20cm from the floor when dropped from 2m, it will reach terminal velocity at 10cm from the floor when dropped from 1.9m. Height will be the variable that we will vary. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. Summary of task. The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh where m is the mass of the ball measured in kg, g is the gravitational acceleration constant of 9.8 m/se c2 , and h is the height of the ball in m. As the ball falls through the air, the potential energy changes to kinetic energy. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. These are illustrated below. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. The force that causes a ball to bounce is the reaction force described by Newton's third law of motion. The distance along the ramp which the balls rolls. I called School Time and my husband and son came with me for the tour. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. WebBouncing balls. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? Try to find more information from physics or mechanics books. changing air density, temperature. Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different 1. For the higher heights the distance from h, was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h, to accurately in a short amount of time. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). Repeat this test from 2 ft, 3 ft, and 1/2 ft. Do this test for each ball and record data. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. The average variation between results was 3cm. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. Heres an example of an Excel spread sheet that analyzes whats going on: Heres a graph of energy vs. bounce from the spread sheet: Purpose: To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a specific height. Control variable - Wikipedia If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. This means that if a heavier ball is to be used then it will need to be dropped from higher to reach its terminal velocity. This is impossible. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. Ball Experiment WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. Grades: Preschool and K-2 Length of Lesson: Approximately 45 minutes Related Video: The Hawk Factor episode Learning Goals: Many questions are related. This is in accordance with Newton's second law. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. This would eliminate parallax error further. Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the efficiency of a bouncing ball, and the factors which affect its efficiency. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. So, we equate the potential energy and the kinetic energy. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Factors affecting ball bounce What are the variables in the ramp experiment? This is Newtons Third Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. We felt the magic immediately.". If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. Because the ball is softer than the floor, it does most of the denting and stores most of the energy. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. For example this is a sample explanation. Our dependent variable was. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. An average will then be taken. 8. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. The motion of the ball can be split into different stages depending on the direction of the velocity vector; these stages are listed below. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. No, the bouncing ball example is not an example of simple harmonic motion. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. 2. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Keep track of where you got your information from. Finally, we need to multiply the distance found by 2, as one bounce of the ball includes both a rise and fall. This motion can be described using a geometric sequence, as the height of the ball after each bounce depends on the initial height from which the ball fell. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. A control is the variable that is not changed in the experiment. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. This produces a different amount of response in the system. Ball More thermal energy is also produced. WebControl Variable: Simple Definition. The Effect of Dropping a Bouncy Ball from Different Heights on B (81%) Synonyms. The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. Bouncing Ball The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment The most valuable resources for teachers and students. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. They identify variables to be changed, measured and controlled. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time.