Chemical releases reported by facilities in these datasets include toxic releases, metal compounds, nutrients, and organic pollutants. For the Waste management and remediation services sector, additional data for the specific flows in the GHG satellite table was assigned using an input file, as specified in the WasteDisaggregation_Env sheet of the primary data record. Red text indicates an update from the 2018 version of this document. Model validation and output writing are also performed in simple statements. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=44630 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011). Table 1 shows EPA's recommended source of emission factors for each scope 3 category. To achieve more granular results for 6-digit NAICS, Water_national_2015_m1 uses acreage data for 64 crops from the USDA Census of Agriculture (CoA) data48. The adjustment matrices (P and ) can be used as desired to transform a coefficient into a more recent dollar year and into purchaser price. Manfred Lenzen, Arne Geschke, Heinz Schandl, Helmut Haberl, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Arnulf Grubler, Charlie Wilson, Hugo Valin, Richard Wood, Daniel D. Moran, Konstantin Stadler, Scientific Data This class in turn spent a total of almost $48 billion in services from the Waste management and remediation services sector. https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). An environmentally extended global multi-regional input - Springer Li, M., Ingwersen, W., Young, B., Vendries, J. 28, 99118, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99 (2014). These sections are disaggregated sequentially, and all the disaggregated components of the tables are combined at the end of the process. US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) is a family of models designed to bridge the gap between traditional economic calculations, sustainability, and environmental decision-making. Alameda Countys Supply Chain Sustainability Report, developed using the USEEIO, provides a guide for how government purchasing can be a catalyst for matching sustainability with advancing the health and wellbeing of its citizens. B.Y. Additionally, the use of Electricity and Truck transport by agricultural sectors are the greatest contributors to SMOG from non-agricultural sectors. The calculated per capita GHG in the US production view of 15.57 MTCO2e/person is reasonably close to a World Bank tabulated estimate of 15.77 MTCO2e/person in 201266, considering USEEIO v2.0 is a mixed year model with the GHG emissions data representing 2016 intensity in 2012 USD. This data is more complete than the flows reported by hazardous waste shippers, and so is preferred for the waste disaggregation. EEIO can be a powerful tool for analysing the relation between economic and environmental flows. The values in P are commodity-specific deflation ratios where a value of Pc,y is a ratio of model USD:year y USD for commodity c. Values in P are prepared with Eq. In v1, the Scrap commodity was removed from the model following a methodology presented by BEA for deriving a total requirements matrix11. There are two exceptions to these allocation values in the Make table row disaggregation. Abstract and Figures. The data is built upon the US EPA's National Greenhouse Gas Industry Attribution Model. In Water_national_2015_m1, employment data are used to allocate water withdrawals to relevant sectors identified by USGS. M.L. For more information and to download the 2016 report and methodology, see: https://www.epa.gov/smm/2016-recycling-economic-information-rei-report-and-methodology. The USDA CoA state data was summed with the allocated MLU remainder land for total grazing land by animal. The model is available as the National Employment Totals By Industry 2017 v1.1 dataset59. Many organizations quantify greenhouse emissions in their value chain. The data includes fresh and saline water withdrawn from surface and ground sources and evaporative water loss to the atmosphere. To calculate emissions, estimate the lifetime electricity consumption (in kWh) for all products sold in the reporting year. The scope 3 emissions for one organization are the scope 1 and 2 emissions of another organization. Waste management and remediation services fell out of the top 20 due to the disaggregation of the waste sectors in v2.0. Cm is obtained from Eq. Definition. On a Procurement Emissions Factor Set Item record, Sam sets the Economic Sector Category code that helps recognize the economic sector and GHG category combination, and the EEIO specified emissions factor that converts the dollars spent into tCOe. A rough estimate will suffice, but if that is not possible, then proceed to step 2 to estimate emissions. Impacts with smaller domestic proportions of impact like Energy Use are dominated by sectors like Gasoline, fuels, that are more dependent on imports for their inputs, as in crude oil for this sector in 201274. The largest visible change in GHG intensity was seen in the electricity sector, with a nearly 2kg CO2e/$ decrease. 28 is a slightly modified form of the model result calculation using the direct perspective. CAS v1.2 added new satellite tables for commercial waste7,8. In the case of the new waste commodity and industry totals, they summed to within 1% of the Waste and Remediation commodity and industry totals in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use tables. figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17377805 (2021). To assist in quantifying these emissions, EPA has developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. IPCC Emissions Factor Database | GHG Protocol Ingwersen, W., Li, M. & Young, B. General Motors worked with Climate Earth consultants to useUSEEIO to calculate their Scope 3 GHG emissions associated with the purchased goods and services in their supply chain. Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds and Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains). We define consumption as final use within the US of all goods and services that are both produced and sold within the US or imported. Overview Emissions Factors FAQ Data sets Emissions factors 2 files Emissions factors File Updated Download IEA Emissions Factors 2021 15/09/2021 XLS IEA Emissions Factors 2021 (light version) 15/09/2021 XLSB Schedule Impact of locational choices and consumer behaviors on personal land footprints: An exploration across the urban-rural continuum in USA. EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Conversion factors 2022: full set (for advanced users), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Indirect Emissions from Events and Conferences, ENERGY STAR Scope 3 Use of Sold Products Analysis Tool V1.2, Renewable Electricity Procurement on Behalf of Others: A Corporate Reporting Guide, Center for Corporate Climate Leadership Home, GHG Inventory Development Process & Guidance, Corporate GHG Inventorying and Target Setting Self-Assessment, Reporting Corporate Climate Risks and Opportunities, 4 (upstream transportation and distribution), 9 (downstream transportation and distribution), 12 (end-of-life treatment of sold products), The UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs provides well-to-tank (i.e., upstream) emission factors for fuel in the ". National Biennial Hazardous Waste Report 2011. https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/biennial-hazardous-waste-report (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is using USEEIO to model the life cycle impacts of power plant infrastructure. Young, B. et al. Google Scholar. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Birney, C., Conner, M. & Ingwersen, W. National water withdrawal totals by industry 2015 v1.1. In addition, because scope 3 sources may represent most of an organizations GHG emissions, they often offer emissions reduction opportunities. v1.2 was created using the 2014 BLS National Employment Matrix, while v2.0 was created with 2017 BLS QCEW. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370115 (2021). Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing a MR-IOTs . The columns can later be modified with assumptions for individual commodity expenditures by the disaggregated waste management sectors as additional data is found. We examine these differences by indicator in a series of grouped charts comparing v2.0 and v1.2 impact coefficients (N matrix) by sector and indicator67. The final factors are available in the Supply Chain Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities dataset. How to select the correct project type and why it is important An official website of the United States government. 15, 18. Changes in selection of data sources and methodologies for compiling these into a standard format are described below. However, changes in the Make Transactions have resulted in a substantial increase in the quantity assigned to the Corn products commodity; Other basic organic chemicals, which is one of the largest generators of CRHW, supplies a significantly higher share of Corn products in the make transactions, increasing from approximately 4% of total commodity output in 2007 to 37% in 2012. The earlier versions of USEEIO used the BLS National Employment Matrix, which also publishes employment data by NAICS sector codes5. Young, B. et al. J. Name of source. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data - Open Risk Manual The direct+indirect flows x sector matrix with the final perspective, Gf is calculated with Eq. For instance, BEA code 1111A0 oilseed farming only connects to NAICS 5-digit codes 11111 soybean farming and 11112 oilseed (except soybean) farming in the table, but in fact 11111 and 11112 have single child codes 111110 soybean farming and 111120 oilseed (except soybean) farming, respectively, as well as shared parent codes 1111 oilseed and grain farming, 111 crop production, and 11 agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. . Garvey, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. Also, change in inventories, y, is positive for commodities produced but not sold, and negative for commodities consumed from a previous years production. Both versions of sector attribution modeling use the IWMS statistics on water application rates. LCIA formatter. A symbol represents the transposed (rows and columns switched) form of a matrix or vector. Direct SMOG impacts have decreased across most agricultural commodities, especially crops (e.g. To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. Crop Irrigation water withdrawals are allocated proportionally using water use by crop type. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data (2019). 16. A revision to the mapping of NAICS to BEA sectors for NAICS 23 Construction fixed an error in v1.1 that resulted in substantially lower emissions coefficients. Chemical releases to water are sourced from 2017 facility reported emissions data from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)29 and the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR)33. WRI's Sustainability Data | World Resources Institute The authors declare no competing interests. volume9, Articlenumber:194 (2022) Therefore, BEA code 1111A0 should be connected to all these NAICS codes in order to form a complete BEA-NAICS correspondence. Thus, whatever is not explicitly allocated to 562112, Hazardous waste collection, is assumed to go to Solid waste collection, 562111. Truck transportation, Water transportation, Rail transportation are commodities in set m for transportation). Cite this article. For example, releases of nitrogen and phosphorous are sourced from the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from Agriculture satellite table (NPAG) specifically for agricultural sectors, while data for all other sectors are sourced from the Discharge Monitoring Report via the Point source releases to water satellite table (WATREL). Ingwersen, W., Li, M., Young, B., Vendries, J. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output - Nature We use three kinds of cookies on our websites: required, functional, and advertising. ISSN 2052-4463 (online). Figure 1. ipcc-efdb@iges.or.jp. Introduction [ edit] 7. For v2.0, value added direct and indirect impact coefficients from N are ~1 for all sectors. Increasing the Timeliness of US Annual Input-Output Accounts. US Enviro nmental Protection Agency, Office . This flow update afforded the opportunity to use more standard life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) characterization factors to populate these indicators, which were integrated with the new procedure. The v2 industry output and commodity output totals for each commodity and industry in the model were both found to be within 1% of the original totals. To solve the first problem, BEA-NAICS correspondence for these sectors is approximated after careful inspection and comparison of their definitions in BEA and NAICS systems. Federal government (defense) climbed from 17th to 7th due to an increased relative amount of HTOX. We define production as final use, either within the US or abroad, of all goods and services that are produced in the US. Waste commodity consumption is concentrated within a few sectors, with 55% of the commodity consumed by the top five sectors. Themodified methodology results in significant sector disparities within agriculture, construction, retailing, finance, and household sectors. The second ranking is done with Hf calculated where y is the US consumption vector, yc (see Eq. Results are presented in Fig. AC-17-SS-1 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Online_Resources/Farm_and_Ranch_Irrigation_Survey/fris.pdf (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2019). In Eq. The USGS publishes state-level water withdrawal estimates for nine broad categories: Aquaculture, Domestic, Industrial, Irrigation Crop, Irrigation Golf Courses, Livestock, Mining, Public Supply, and Thermoelectric Power. Matrix algebra is used to represent the steps of creating the USEEIO model, using conventions for variable names commonly used in a mix of standard references for IO analysis16 and LCA17, and the existing USEEIO model documentation. Community Sustainability and Prosperity in Georgiaand Beyond JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Direct releases from this industry remain fairly consistent from the prior model. Flow loss may result from invalid NAICS codes. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Summary text. The totals for household, investment, and government consumers in the Use table include consumption of direct imports as positive values. Processing of Criteria and Hazardous Air Emissions was supported by the office of Fossil Energy (FE) for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under NETL Contract Number DE-FE0025912. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). Additionally, there are changes to methods of allocation. 11:30-12:15. Notable in the BEA data is that imports in ym are represented with negative values. liter) emission factor for fuel source (for example, kg CO2 e/liter)) + ((quantity of refrigerant leakage (kg) emission factor for refrigerant (kg CO2 e/kg)) + process emissions) Yang, Y., Ingwersen, W. W., Hawkins, T. R., Srocka, M. & Meyer, D. E. USEEIO: A New and Transparent United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model. Please click here to see any active alerts. 2012 Economic Census: Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services: Subject Series - Product Lines: Product Lines Statistics by Industry for the U.S. And States: 2012. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2012/econ/census/aswmrs-services.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops fell 14 places, apparently to decreased water consumption. 2007 Census of Agriculture. Household consumption accounts for the largest share of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. A series of coefficient matrices are provided that are products of combining more than one of the economic, physical flow, and indicator components. The technical model name for the model described here is USEEIO v2.0.1411 following the USEEIO versioning scheme as of model finalization9, but it is referred to throughout simply as v2.0. The Sector Crosswalk is available as part of the primary data record24. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles 14. USEEIO Model Overview and EEIO Primer. The Use table columns represent the inputs that the IO industries need to produce their output. Some scope 3 categories may be relevant, but initially lack readily available data to use in estimating emissions. In v1.2, national land use by animal type were calculated by importing and summing state level data for land in farms from USDA CoA. This disproportionate share of the original value of the waste remediation industry, combined with the industry allocations already used for the Use table columns, can result in an imbalance in the allocation totals for the disaggregated waste industries in the Use and Make tables. The name changes are made because BEA uses the same names for commodities as those used for the respective industries (industries and commodities share the same codes), which are derived from the NAICS industry names, and the assignment of names better fit to describe a commodity rather than an industry adds clarity to commodity representation in the model. Official websites use .gov Estimating industry land use with the MLU as the primary data source is an update from v1.2, where land use was calculated by summing USDA CoA, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Public Land Statistics (PLS), EIA Commercial (CBECS), and EIA Manufacturing (MECS) land use with the MLUs statistics for forest land, transportation, national defense, and grazing land38,39,40,41,42. Ingwersen, W., Garvey, T. & Bergmann, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Where particular elementary flows are reported in each dataset, flows are maintained from the DMR when a facility reports to both. Technol. Miller, R. & Blair, P. Input-output analysis: Foundations and extensions. This research was supported through USEPA contract HHSN316201200013W, Task Order EP-G16H-01256 with General Dynamics IT (GDIT) and contract EP-C-16-015, Task Order 68HERC19F0292 with Eastern Research Group (ERG). This significant decreases in agricultural sectors is carried over into the food and fiber sector products, where for instance 90% of the contribution to HRSP for Flours and Malts is from Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains. Solley, W. B., Pierce, R. R. & Perlman, H. A. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS ADS For example, the total flows counted by the 5-digit Waste collection (56211) sector do not equal the flows of the 6-digit Waste collection flow subsectors (562611, 562112, 562119). In other words, the monetary and physical flows occur in the same direction: makers of the waste treatment commodity receive both the physical waste to be disposed and the money for the disposal service. )2, therefore all environmental data was adjusted to be in 2013 US Dollars (USD). Emission factors (LCA[16]) -- convert activity data into a measure of CO2e emission, including: Emissions (estimates) associated with extracting, collecting and pre-processing raw materials. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). In these datasets, emissions are reported by county and assigned to source classification codes. TRACIv2.1 for FEDEFLv1. It is assumed that local governments do not perform hazardous waste disposal, site remediation, or other waste disposal functions to a significant degree. USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US goods and services. This decrease is likely a result of fuel source changes in the electricity production over this period69. A comprehensive BEA-to-NAICS sector mapping table is built with these complementary pieces to the main correspondence. BLM/OC/ST-08/001+1165 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/pls07.pdf (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2008). The Water_national_2015_m1 model differs from the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.13 in several ways. Census of agriculture 2017. Quantifying scope 3 emissions can be broken into three steps: Step 1: Determine relevant scope 3 categories. EPA/600/R-20/001). While the codes and definitions of commodity categories are not changed from those provided by BEA in v2.0 (except for disaggregated sectors), original names are assigned to the commodity categories to replace the names used in the BEA IO tables. Here we describe updates made for eight satellite tables to reflect new methods for flow sector attribution modeling. Timmer, M. P., Erumban, A. The core of an IO model is a direct requirements matrix, A, representing the dollar inputs from other sectors per dollar output. Priscilla Halloran, Jarrod Bridge and David Meyer provided input to on USEEIO model updates. The intent of this detailed analysis is to provide information and recommendations on available opportunities to work with County vendors to improve environmental performance and advance the health and wellbeing of the residents of Alameda County and beyond., US Department of Energy http://edap-data-commons.s3.amazonaws.com/data_commons_search.html (2021). The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. In v1.2, withdrawals were calculated for 37 crops published in the 2008 USDA Irrigation and Water Management Survey (IWMS). & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411. For these datasets, the national totals by sector were extracted directly from the published datasets5,7. conceptualized USEEIO v2.0, led the methodological development for model building and validation, contributed to useeior and flowsa software, supervised the team, administered the project, and led writing the manuscript. Water data for the nation 2015. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). FLOWSA v1.0.1. Home | Emissionfactors Accordingly, the waste shipped from and to waste management sectors are used as the basis for the mapping of the waste management intersection in the Use table. Birney, C., Conner, M., Specht, J. & A., P. M. Concepts and Methods of the U.S. Input-Output Accounts. 1. PDF EMISSION FACTORS 2021 DATABASE DOCUMENTATION - Microsoft The most common sources listed in the table are: To apply the EF Hub scope 1 and 2 factors, the organization can first define the GHG generating activity for each relevant source category, then apply the appropriate factors for stationary combustion, mobile combustion, fugitive emissions, electricity, heat, or steam. The allocation of the value added sectors is handled separately (and described below). The USEEIO Modeling Framework for USEEIO v2.09 provides an overview of the source code along with links to useeior and supporting software packages. This dataset has national level GHG emissions for 53 economic sectors in the US, for the year 2017. When there is additional data available for specific flows which are not adequately reflected at the 6-digit NAICS to USEEIO mapping (as per Table6), a manual distribution of that data is specified as an input to the disaggregation algorithm. In v2.0, these data sources are used to allocate MLU land use categories to relevant sectors. The Use table intersection represents the consumption of the Waste management and remediation services commodity by the Waste management and remediation services industry itself. 3. Sci Data 9, 194 (2022). Emissions are assigned to industries based on the NAICS reported by each facility to the dataset. To ensure that these changes do not violate the balance required to build the model, both the commodity and industry totals of the Make and Use tables were compared after the disaggregation process to the original datasets in a commodity-to-commodity and industry-to-industry comparison. https://pasteur.epa.gov/uploads/10.23719/1365565/documents/USEEIOv1.1-DescriptionofSatelliteTableUpdates.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017). The matrix M is a flow x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct plus indirect flows per 1 USD output of the sector in column j. Mineral commodity summary 2014. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/prd-wret/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf (U.S. Geological Survey, 2014). It is widely used by EPA program offices and other government agencies, corporations, nonprofits, nongovernmental organizations, and academia for applications such as calculating carbon footprints and environmental assessments. Using research and expertise from staff to guide us, we are committed to improving WRI's environmental performance. The columns of the A or L matrices show the pure economic direct or total requirements for a commodity, which may be used for supply chain mapping or for economic impact analysis.