Here is an example to demonstrate the use of the values above: Example: lets say you know your 400 grain arrow will fly at 350 FPS. You are welcome to share it, as long as you mention www.bestcrossbowsource.com as the original source of the data / research. Draw length: A longer draw length creates a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy. Mid-Range Rise; Mid-range rise when sighting in a crossbow is the highest point in the arrows trajectory between the point blank range and the true zero point. Here are the results of a research that compared the effect of a deer jumping the string when shot using bows with different speeds at different distances: For instance, we can see that at 30 yards, a shot deer would drop about 6 inches before an arrow reaches it, if said arrow travels at 258 FPS. Mike is a Veteran who served 21 years in the U.S. Army and retired as a Sergeant Major from the 5th Special Forces Group. For a more detailed explanation, check the notes below the calculator. 4. With having said that lets sight these crossbows with a maximum point blank range drop of 3 inches and a mid-range rise of 3 inches. For every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, subtract 1 fps from the IBO value. You can assume, roughly, that an arrows kinetic energy is reduced by around 3-4% for every 10 yards it travels. Bows 5-10 years old will tend to gain efficiency faster than one that is brand new. The arrow ballistics calculator below will help you determine your arrows vertical drop, speed, kinetic energy and momentum, for up to 70 yards out in 10 yard increments. *Initial speed = our base speed determined using a 400 grain arrow: 425 grain arrows will fly at ~97.5 of initial speed Fast-flying arrows have flatter flight trajectories and less deviation from the wind. When a crossbow is said to shoot at 300 FPS, that means that, when the arrow leaves the flight rail, it would travel 300 feet in the span of one second if it could constantly maintain its momentum and trajectory. The calculator assumes average air density and air viscosity. Confirm the zero by shooting a . To properly calculate momentum, use the following formula: Mass (Arrow Weight in grains) x Velocity (Arrow Speed (in fps)) / 225218 The result of this formula is calculated in slugs. , which happens to be the most important factor in regard to hunting with archery equipment. The same is true of a crossbow arrow. Plan. All Rights Reserved. This should set your correct arrow speed and make the ballistics calculator work for you. Putting it all into perspective. This is because the IBO speeds are determined under a set of particular conditions: Then, for comparing bow speeds, you'll need tomaintain these factors constant. These are calculated as follows: Our arrow speed calculator converts the units automatically. When an arrow is shot from your bow, its impact, and ability to penetrate and make the kill is based not just on the speed of your bow. If the exact speed is not available, use the Bow/Arrow Speed Calculator to estimate the arrow speed. This average will get most bows within a few percent of real-world speeds. Crossbow shooting - Can you go too heavy with arrows? For every inch you reduce, the draw length reduces around 10 fps of your bow speed. Note that the above is valid if speed is NOT increased at the expense of reduced arrow weight. *This Calculator Was Developed With The Help of The Ashby Bow Foundation*. . ), Any additional weight on your bowstring (nock loop, peep, etc.). *Our website is supported by our users. The same team that conducted the above research suggested a way to calculate the effective range for each bow/crossbow model: Divide the crossbow velocity (in FPS) by 10. This is what we included: The IBO speed is used as a standardized speed rating for bows. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Calculating Compound Bow Kinetic Energy (KE) - Beginner's Guide Power stroke is the distance, in inches, that the string accelerates an arrow down a crossbow's flight rail. The sights on a crossbow compensate for arrow drop by their installed height and not all sights are installed at the same height so not all crossbows shoot the exact same trajectory in appearance. If it doesn't, adjust your 50-yard pin until it centers on the 50-yard bullseye when you're at full draw. Simply put, many of the best crossbows available on the market nowadays (2015) receive their speed ratings based on arrows weighing roughly 400 grain. Consider More Than Speed When Buying a Crossbow - TenPoint Every inch of draw length under 30 will subtract 10 ft per second from the IBO value. Thats a massive difference in a hunting scenario. The speed decreases exponentially as the arrow travels. For the most accurate results, it is best to use a known speed and known arrow weight under 6 grain per pound to determine your corrected IBO value. Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case the correct IBO value would be 346 fps . Knowing how your arrow speed changes with the increase in arrow weight, you can now easily figure out the new kinetic energy: For instance, if you know your crossbow shoots your current 400 grain arrows with a speed of 400 FPS, our chart above tells you to expect 124.8 ft-lb of kinetic energy at 30 yards. Speed is needed to make the arrow arrive at its target quickly, but arrow speed is not what kills the animals you shoot with your bow. If you were to shoot a 500 grain arrow from the exact same crossbow, its initial speed would be roughly 90% of 350, or around 315 FPS. Draw length LLL This is the distance that the string is pulled back. Every 3 grains of additional weight on the bow string will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. Which leaves us with the only valid option for increasing the FPS of a crossbow: buying a faster model in the first place! World's Fastest Crossbow: TenPoint Nitro 505 The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. Which means that if you want to be able to reliably hit live targets at 40 yards, you better have a crossbow that is able to launch arrows at 400 FPS or more. Crossbows / Power / Range / High Velocity. As you might expect, a heavier arrow flies slower than a smaller and lighter one. If you look at the above chart you will notice that from 250 F.P.S. 500 grain arrows will fly at ~90% of initial speed Use this tool to optimize your arrows now. Arrow drop test results Crossbow Kinetic Energy - Chart, Calculations, Requirements You can obtain this value with this formula: An arrow's kinetic energy is determined as: Keep in mind that the arrow loses speed as it travels. The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. Your arrows kinetic energy will depend on its speed. When you properly sight-in your crossbow for hunting you want to have a flat trajectory, the flatter the better. We've created a text where you'll find some of the basics related to IBO speed and how to calculate bow speed. Be careful with increasing string weight, as it is equally important to string the bow comfortably. One thing to remember is that while kinetic energy provides the impact of your arrow on your intended target, what it doesnt necessarily provide is information on your arrows ability to penetrate and travel through your target. We shot 400 grain arrows from 9 different crossbows, achieving nine different initial speeds ranging from 200 to 400 FPS in 25 FPS increments. The combined speed, kinetic energy, and momentum calculator below will help you estimate the potential each arrow has based on its weight and your personal bow setup and settings. A heavy arrow will produce a great deal of arrow momentum even at the price of arrow speed, but will eventually go down as arrow speed decreases. You will need to provide total arrow weight and initial speed for the calculation to be effective, as well as some other optional info (see below). Arrow Speed Calculator: Calculate or estimate arrow speed. Created by the International Bowhunter's Organization, the IBO speed is given as a speed value in feet per second (fps or ft/s), and the higher this number is, the higher the speed that could be achieved with that particular bow. For example, if you increase the draw weight by 5 pounds the speed of your arrows can increase by 10 fps. When you look at this and compare it to the table above, you can calculate what the right arrow can accomplish after you shoot it. Let's consider the following example: you are analyzing the bow of IBO 300. This equation assumes that your bow puts the same amount of energy into each arrow. Balanced Bowhunting What is important, is understanding how this impacts the arrow you choose to buy and use when hunting, along with the broadheads you use. Please keep in mind that the values below assume the crossbow configuration is not altered, and that the only change is in arrow weight. Arrow Speed Calculator Lets find out. Generally bows will put slightly more energy into heavier arrows, so the actual speed you get with a heavier arrow will probably be a little higher than this formula calculates. Calculations are largely based on the Exterior Ballistics of Bows and Arrows paper. Do 100 FPS make such an impactful difference? High Velocity Crossbows. But let's get a bit more precise (pun unintended): Aside from your aiming skills, animals jumping the string is the most common reason for disappointing results on hunting trips with a crossbow. If this tool does not calculate, please refresh the page and try again. You will need to provide total arrow weight and initial speed for the calculation to be effective, as well as some other optional info (see below). Models at the high end of this spectrum tend to cost a lot so we should be pretty confident the top velocities bring equally impressive results before spending the cash. This average will get most bowswithin a few percent of real-world speeds. Finally, using our arrow ballistics calculator (which requires that both arrow speed and mass are known) we determined the values plotted in the chart below. Compare expected FPS across over 120 crossbows and decide which one to buy. calculating loss in fps using heavier arrows than - Crossbow Nation In the table below, you will see some base values there already, they are there to show you an example of a real-world situation with real values and what they look like when compared to a mid-range bow and mid-range set of arrows. That is defined by an arrows weight, broadhead, and momentum. Arrow speed depends on several factors, including bow string weight, string length, string material, arrow weight, and weather conditions. You can calculate your arrow's KE and express it in foot-pounds. After you've entered these values, the calculator will display the actual arrow speed, momentum, and kinetic energy of the arrow , What is IBO speed? You can go to heavy with an arrow, but the answer is not as simple as that. Kinetic energy (KE) is a measure of an arrows ability to transfer energy upon impact, and a higher KE can result in greater penetration and stopping power. Keep in mind that most IBO ratings are not real-world numbers. Check out 25 similar kinematics calculators how things move , Understanding bow speed IBO specification. However, here you'll find a bit of a contradiction because heavier arrows result in slower speeds, meaning compromising speed might be necessary to avoid losing momentum and kinetic energy so rapidly. As of 2021, crossbow speeds range between 300 FPS and 500 FPS. The chart below, and the research conducted is copyrighted material and is the property of BestCrossbowSource. Arrow Speed, Kinetic Energy, and Momentum Calculator - ArcheryHunting.com Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. Now we have what we need to calculate KE: Arrow speed: 240 FPS Arrow weight: 400 grain The formula for calculating Kinetic Energy is: (Arrow weight) x (Arrow speed) x (Arrow speed) / 450,240 The general guideline for this factor is: For every extra inch of draw length increases approximately 10 fps the arrow speed; and. Nevertheless, most archers do not use these exact parameters. Red: Highlights specific speeds in fps and MAX energy (KE and M). Archery & Crossbow Ballistics Calculator: Initial velocity: fps m/s Arrow mass: gr g Angle of departure MOA Shaft length: in cm Shaft diameter: in mm Vane length: in cm Vane height . The arrow ballistics calculator below will help you determine your arrow's vertical drop, speed, kinetic energy and momentum, for up to 70 yards out in 10 yard increments. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. The speed of your arrow will determine how flat of a trajectory your arrow has at short and long distances and how much arc is needed to travel large distances. Notice that our recommendation for elk hunting is 65 ft-lbs of kinetic energy (this is a conservative value, you can get away with less). Draw weight: The more draw weight you pull, the faster the arrow will fly. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). The rule of thumb was that for every added inch of draw length, you increase raw arrow speed by approximately 10-15 fps. Ever wonder exactly how much kinetic energy is released by an arrow, based on its initial speed and distance traveled? Crossbow speeds are usually measured in feet-per-second (FPS). , because of the higher momentum at the moment of impact. The values in the table below come from the following bow and its associated settings. It will give you a rough idea of how fast an arrow travels after changing the bow from the recommended specifications. In general, all three methods can be used with equal success as there is little difference in measured speed. The calculator uses this data, along with AI models, to predict the performance . A lighter arrow produces more arrow speed, but an increase in arrow weight (incremented by 25 grains) can increase and eventually decrease arrow kinetic energy. Every bow gains efficiency a little differently. Sighting-in your crossbow properly to compensate trajectory. High Velocity; 325 - 375 feet per second arrow speed crossbows. At the time lets call it the Round Cam Epoch the chase was for 200 fps. Do you really need a multi range sight for trajectory compensation. In closing, using an arrow speed calculator will provide a solid estimate; however, you have to shoot your hunting weight arrow through a chronograph to know exactly how fast it is flying. We are working to correct this issue. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. If you open any online store that is selling them, you'd see that the speed of the arrows (measured in FPS or feet per second) that are launched by each listed model is their most prominent feature. Finally, enter the Additional weight on the string if this is known. Mine hits dead nuts from 30 out to 135 yards. Arrow Speed Calculator | Measure Without a Chronograph | Wasp Archery 1 slug equals 32.174 ft-lbs. My bow stayed the same: 60-pounds at 27.5-inches of draw. Bowstring weight: Adding weight to a bowstring (peep sight, string silencers, string loop) will affect raw speed, but not by much. TenPoint today unveiled its new-for-2022 Nitro 505, the fastest crossbow in company history and one that sets a new industry standard with an advertised speed of 505 feet per second with 400-grain bolts. Even at 275 FPS you only get close to it at 10 yards out. You want to know the arrow's speed when you increase both the draw length and the arrow weight. A properly balanced arrow measurements of 7 to 15%. Kinetic Energy & Momentum Calculator Find out the kinetic energy of your arrow or bolt using the following simple calculator. Crossbow Arrow Drop Calculator - Crossbow Country Some of you might be in the position of owning an older model and wondering if upgrading to a 400 FPS+ model would have a great impact on your hunting experience. While it is based on the bow speed IBO specification, you can input the individual settings of your bow. So, the closer you can get to your target, the more kinetic energy your arrow will have. You can use the results obtained from this archery calculator in the projectile motion calculator to analyze the arrow's path. Every bow gains efficiency a little differently. To exaggerate to make a point, a one-pound arrow would plummet to the ground the minute it left your barrel. You should adjust the arrow speed given by the IBO specification according to the following rules: All of these rules can be put in one common equation: You can also use the arrow speed calculator to find the momentum and the kinetic energy of the arrow. Thus, when a manufacturer touts its bow as having a speed of, say, 350 fps, the truth is that a hunting weight arrow of 400-450 grains from that same bow will initially leave the bow much slower especially if the draw weight and draw length are significantly reduced. Two main ways in which speed affects precision: First, faster arrows have flatter trajectory, meaning they drop less as they fly toward their target. Similar in design, the 35 3/4-inch-long Horton Storm RDX attains 370 fps from a 16 1/2-inch power stroke and 165-pound draw weight. The same team that conducted the above research suggested a way to calculate the effective range for each bow/crossbow model: Divide the crossbow velocity (in FPS) by 10. When using the calculator above, input your values and then compare them to those values in the tables below. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. We have not done very precise tests to figure this out (we will update this post when we do), however a very close estimate would be to assume the following. ArcheryCalc - Backcountry Bowhunting Generally speaking, adding 20 grains of overall weight to the string will only deduct about 5 fps off the raw arrow speed. *All data are approximate. The arrow speed calculator above provides a quick estimation. The factors that impact the overall speed of your arrow are: In addition, it is important to understand that sometimes even minor changes to your draw length, draw weight, and arrow weight can seriously affect the speed, kinetic energy, and momentum of your arrows when they are shot from your bow. 3. To properly calculate kinetic energy, use the following formula: 1/2 Mass (Arrow Weight in grains divided by 2) x Velocity squared (Arrow Speed x Arrow Speed (in fps from the above formula)) / 225218 - The result of this formula is calculated in foot-pounds (ft-lbs). The IBO standard began as a means to regulate archery competitions, but the majority of bow companies have adopted its guidelines to standardize the measurement ofarrowspeed for the purposes of setting bow specifications. Arrow Speed Calculator Remember, the speed of your arrow is at the point of the shot. Enter speed and arrow weight data into the calculator. Also, make sure to check out our best crossbow rankings for a scoop on the top equipment on the market. Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrows initial kinetic energy. As a general rule, with every 10 pound increase in draw weight, arrow speed rises by around 20 fps. Bonus fps! The Best Crossbow Bolt Weight for Your Specific Hunting Crossbow You can also see how increasing your arrow weight will increase kinetic energy and momentum, but then decrease kinetic energy when the speed of your arrow decreases to the point where it can no longer provide the force necessary to increase your arrows lethality. When shooting a compound bow, all things being equal, they are: Many bowhunters dont quite understand the complexity behind bow speeds. Heavy arrows, coupled with the right speed for your target animal, optimized by a high FOC, can accomplish a lot more than a light, fast arrow. As such we recommend that elk hunters stick to 300 FPS or more. Archery Hunting 101: Bow Hunting for Beginners. And the greater the mass, the longer the energy stays in the arrow as it flies. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. The heavier the arrow is, the faster gravity will pull it toward the ground, but arrows or bolts do not have an even weight throughout. For whitetail deer this requirement is lower any crossbow 250 FPS and up will be a safe pick. We operate independently and do not provide Sponsored content. Determining Maximum Range for a Crossbow - Petersen's Bowhunting Frames per second (FPS) Calculator | PC Builds 12.8 330. In the majority of cases once a peep is added the speed will only be a few fps off but the ratings of some bows are significantly off. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Now, there are a few bows rated at 350+ fps based on the International Bowhunting Organizations (IBO) standard. For example, a 500 spine arrow bends .5 inches when the weight is applied. If you change the values on your draw weight, draw length, and arrow weight; you will see how these changes impact your arrow speed, kinetic energy, and momentum. For example, it takes approximately 40 ft/lbs(+or-) of kinetic energy to kill a whitetail deer. Modern crossbows typically generate speeds anywhere from 280-350 feet per second, with some models topping 400 fps. The overall weight of the weapon, its balance, arrow weight, ease of cocking, and precision are also important. This specification determines the arrow speed, provided that you keep the following parameters: If you deviate from these parameters, the arrow speed will not equal the one given by the specification. Kinetic Energy: Calculations, Hunting Requirements, and Charts - Hunt Hacks When it comes to how much an arrow's weight affects its speed, the consensus is that every additional 5 grains of arrow weight reduces arrow speed by an average of 2 fps. When you pull the trigger most of that PE is transferred to the arrow and converted to kinetic energy (KE), which propels it downrange. Copyright 2023 | DRCMedia LLC | All Rights Reserved, Scout. So the important question right now is: how much does initial arrow speed drop as its weight goes up? Arrow Speed Calculator. Every inch of draw length above 30 will add 10 feet per second to the IBO value. As the arrow moves through space, the kinetic energy drops. Arrow flight time till impact at 44 yards, approximately 4/10 of a second. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. 450 grain arrows will fly at ~95% of initial speed Before we see how to calculate bow speed, let's go through the main factors that influence the arrow speed to better understand how the actual speed is determined: Draw weight DDD This is the force required to pull a bow, expressed in pounds. And remember, in bowhunting speed is good but it is far from everything. ArcheryHunting.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. Blazing Bolts: How Much Speed Do You Need for a Crossbow? This is very misleading as to what a true high performance crossbow will do when sighted in properly for deer hunting. As the older bows were less efficient out of the box, they naturally have more room for improvement. You decide to use 400 grain arrows, and using our FPS guide you calculate the point-blank speed of your arrow to be 240 FPS. And second, faster arrows leave less time for the animal to react to the shot sound. The new speed, s2 = sqrt (350/450)*300 = 264.5 fps. For every 3 grains of additional weight on the bowstring, subtract 1 ft/s from the IBO value. 36 Yards - Maximum Point Blank Hunting Range. Bowstring weight WWW Adding accessories to a bowstring impacts its speed; for every 3 grains of extra weight on the bowstring, deduct 1 fps from the IBO number. While it is based on the bow speed IBO specification, you can input the individual settings of your bow. The trick is to balance speed (and range finding forgiveness) with arrow mass and penetration potential. Crossbow Kinetic Energy 200 FPS 225 FPS 250 FPS 1/3 10 20 30 40 50 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Yards travelled by arrow Kinetic Energy ( In food - pounds) Chart by Visualizer IBO Speed (feet per second) By simply indicating the particular values of some parameters, this tool will help you calculate an arrow fps speed. Speed is good, but whether shooting carbon arrows such as Beman's ICS Crossbow Hunter or Easton's Bloodline, XX75 aluminum or its .
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