Be sure to explain the role of the cult of personality and human rights abuses. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. Presidential System of Government Overview & Function | 7 Roles of the President, Landmark Cases Based on Constitutional Amendments. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. Leslie Beecher has been in the field of education for over 15 years serving as a tutor, teacher and instructional designer. Government Overview, Purpose & Types | What is a Government? For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. The ruler of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic. In some instances, a group of nations or communities could be governed under a dictatorship instead of a single nation. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many monarchies (a form of dictatorship) started to decline and disappear. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or they can be formed by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Most modern-day dictators rise to power for personal reasons, which are not usually benevolent or for the good of the country's citizens. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. They tended to ally with a particular social class and attempted either to maintain the interests of wealthy and privileged elites or institute far-reaching left-wing social reforms. dictatorship: 1 n a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. In the most brutal dictatorships, the citizens live in extreme poverty because the government withholds food and supplies in order to keep the people under control. Today, dictators do not rise in response to an emergency and the position is not temporary. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium dictatorship - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term totalitario in the early 1920s to characterize the new fascist state of Italy, which he further described as "all within the state, none outside the state, none . The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. A dictatorship is an authoritarian style of government in which one leader has complete control over the country. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Dictators use intimidation, terror, and the suppression of basic civil liberties. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Dictatorship or Totalitarianism is a situation where a single person or political party rules the entire country. Dictatorship - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com A dictatorship is a form of government where one person, or a small group of individuals, can make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. Corrections? Learn a new word every day. The dictatorship is opposed to the democratic system of government. Similarly, although the 1958 constitution of the Fifth Republic of France contained far-reaching emergency powers conferred on the presidentwhen the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfillment of its international obligations are threatened with immediate and grave danger, and when the regular functioning of the constitutional authority is interruptedtheir implicit threat to the constitutional order has not been realized. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. In some of these countries, presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by banning opposition parties and building replicas of the one-party systems of the communist world. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. While a dictatorship is a form of government in some nations, just as monarchy or representative democracy is the form of government in others, dictatorships are seen by non-dictatorships as dangerous and cruel because of the way they tend to treat their citizens. Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. The crucial elements of both were the identification of the state with the single mass party and of the party with its charismatic leader, the use of an official ideology to legitimize and maintain the regime, the employment of a terroristic police force and a controlled press, and the application of all the means of modern science and technology to control the economy and individual behaviour. The most notorious dictatorships are characterized by a culture of violence, terror and death. Nglish: Translation of dictatorship for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of dictatorship for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about dictatorship. By contrast, Soviet communism grew out of a revolutionary theory of society, pursued the goal of revolutionary overthrow of capitalist systems internationally, and employed the complex bureaucratic structures of the Communist Party as mechanisms of governmental organization. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. He can rule on anyone,. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. In Latin America in the 19th century, various dictators arose after effective central authority had collapsed in the new nations recently freed from Spanish colonial rule. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. Democracy, Monarchy and Dictatorship: Types of Government Systems When a cyclone swept over the country, killing hundreds of thousands and leaving millions without food or shelter, the country's military dictatorship blocked humanitarian aid from reaching the people until it could hold a sham election. Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts Dictatorship definition: Dictatorship is government by a dictator. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke out in support of the Israeli judicial reform protests in a video that was screened at the anti-judicial reform demonstrations in Tel Aviv on Saturday . Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "5. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. Dictators make unilateral decisions that affect their countries without having to consult any other branch of government. Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws). One moose, two moose. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. - Definition & Examples, Carl Von Clausewitz: Biography, Theory & Quotes, Small Business Project Management: Planning & Tools, Horizontal Expansion in Business: Definition & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Theocracy Overview & Examples | What is Theocracy? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda to sustain public support. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. The country suffered for many years under his, His enemies accused him of establishing a, Today, Russia under President Vladimir Putin is an autocracy verging on military, Lest this only conjure up images of a repressive, The latter includes the now-defunct dark web market Hydra as well as North Koreas infamous Lazarus Group, a team of hackers that carries out sophisticated cyber and crypto robberies to support the, After seven brutal years in power, the Armed Forces finally withdrew from the Executive, allowing open elections in which Alfonsn handily took the popular vote with a mandate to investigate the crimes committed during the 1976-1983 military, Inevitably, during his life, Pel encountered problems: his commercial activities were sometimes mired in controversy; at one stage he was labeled a left-wing antagonist of the Brazilian government, then was later described as being too conservative in his views of the Brazilian, Chilean author Nona Fernndez grew up alongside the violence of the Pinochet, At least since the infamous dread pirate Captain Flint haunted the pages of Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island, pirate vessels have been treated in the popular imagination as floating, Post the Definition of dictatorship to Facebook, Share the Definition of dictatorship on Twitter. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Fakhrul calls on workers to stand against 'dictatorship' Dictatorship means that system of Government which rests on a single person and that is of high authoritarianism. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. A dictatorship is a form of government in which most or all authority of the country is in the hands of a single individual; the leader. In the Roman Republic, the title "dictator" was temporarily given to an individual to deal with state crises and emergencies. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The person dominates all the subjects of the country or state which he's ruling. [125] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. A dictatorship is a government in which a single person or small group holds all the power, and has absolute authority over politics and the population. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. [133] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all of the power lies in the hands of a single individual. What is a dictatorship? An error occurred trying to load this video. The constitutional systems inherited from the colonial powers proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class; local traditions of autocratic rule retained a powerful influence; the army, one of the few organized forces in society, was also often the only force capable of maintaining order; and a tiny intellectual class was impatient for economic progress, frustrated by the lack of opportunity, and deeply influenced by the example of authoritarianism in other countries. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda in order to sustain public support. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. Even as he tightens his grip on power the end is visible. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. Delivered to your inbox! The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. 150,000 protest Israeli judicial reform, Spanish PM voices support [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Thus, the proclamation of emergency rule was the beginning of the dictatorships of Mussolini in Italy, of Kemal Atatrk in Turkey, of Jzef Pisudski in Poland, of Antnio de Olveira Salazar in Portugal, of Franz von Papen and Hitler in Germany, and of Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt von Schuschnigg in Austria. [145], Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? The rigging of elections is just one example of how citizens in a dictatorship have little to no personal freedom. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. On paper, Russia is a federal democratic state. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics Omissions? They seize power to benefit themselves, their families and their close political allies. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 1 : the office of dictator 2 : autocratic rule, control, or leadership people suffering under his dictatorship 3 a : a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique Communism and dictatorship b : a government organization or group in which absolute power is so concentrated But in a modern-day dictatorship government, one person (or a small group of individuals) has complete control over the government regardless of whether there is a state of emergency or not. Learn the definition of a dictatorship and its main characteristics. [118][119][120][121], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. Nazi Germany under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin are the leading examples of modern totalitarian dictatorships. Unlike in the United States and other similar nations, the people living in a dictatorship have no rights of free speech, freedom of religion, a free press or even the right to hold an opinion in opposition to the ruler and ruling party. Biden finally ready to shift into campaign mode | The Hill [143], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. In nearly all political systems, the powers of chief executives have increased in response to the demanding social, economic, and military crises of the age. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. The question for many constitutional regimes is whether the limitation and balance of power that are at the heart of constitutional government can survive the growing enlargement of executive power. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. In very few cases, a small group of people holds this power, which is called an oligarchy. In practice, however, many regard it as a dictatorship built around one man, President Vladimir Putin, who has been the leader of the Russian Federation since the year 2000. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. The 20th-century dictatorships in Latin American countries had different aims. | Examples and Characteristics. dictatorship, Form of government in which one person or an oligarchy possesses absolute power without effective constitutional checks. Dictatorship News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. Dictatorship definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, The Power of the Federal Judiciary: Sources & Consequences, Totalitarian Government | Characteristics & Examples. [142] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. A dictator is an individual who forms a government where they make decisions without effective constitutional limitations.
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