They found no significant difference in pain relief after 7 days of treatment between the NSAIDs. [8] Lastly, ketorolac can cause renal damage and failure. Be certain that you understand exactly how the medicine is to be injected. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4857. Stop 5 days Restart 24 - 48 hours Warfarin Stop 5 days INR <1.5 day of procedure Heparin IV Stop 4 hours Restart 2 - 4 hours Heparin SQ Stop 6-8 hours Restart 6 - 8 hours Enoxaparin (Lovenox), Dalteparin (Fragmin), Tinzaparin Stop 12 hours Restart 12 - 24 hours Fondaparinux (Arixtra) Stop 72 hours Restart 24 - 48 hours You should have assistance with walking and should not drive for 24 hours. Wait time to restart agent after epidural/spinal placement or removal Unfractionated Heparin SC Heparin 5000U q12h 1No Restrictions No Restrictions1 SC Heparin >10,000U/day (e.g. 17: The effect of postoperative ketorolac on hemoglobin and Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. My doc told me it's because of the blood-thinning effect it has on your body. If you are pregnant or you get pregnant while taking 8!i> U>{sL'Uf vrndE=#],0 His interests include pain management (particularly non-opioid), substance abuse, addiction and chemical dependency, and drug/non-drug approaches to these areas. [1] It is in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) drug class. Toradol is normally given for 5 days or less, including both the injection and oral forms combined. The American journal of emergency medicine. Signs of high potassium levels like a heartbeat that does not feel normal; feeling confused; feeling weak, lightheaded, or dizzy; feeling Good grief, my doc never said anything. His experience as a pharmacist has taken him from retail to specialty infusion and intrathecal pump management. Revision date: May 24, 2022. aspirin, acetaminophen, tramadol, naproxen, Tylenol, oxycodone, fentanyl, Toradol, bupivacaine, Toradol IV/IM. For this reason, ketorolac is usually given intravenously or intramuscularly in a hospital setting, where a patient's kidney function can be monitored. Be careful and avoid injury. Answer (1 of 5): The half-life for this drug is about 2.5 hours. Talk with the doctor. Alka-Seltzer products. However, it can also be raised even if you do not have heart disease or risks for heart disease. The use of ketorolac CSI was initiated in a 79-year-old female whose pain had been uncontrolled by opioids and oral NSAIDs. Introduction: Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that decreases opioid-use for post-surgical patients (1,2). information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with aspirin, acetaminophen, tramadol, naproxen, Tylenol, oxycodone, fentanyl, ketorolac, Toradol, bupivacaine. In fact, the prescribing information for Toradol has a bolded warning right at the beginning of the document that states the following: The total combined duration of use of TORADOL should not exceed 5 days.". Privacy Policy. A combination of ultra low-dose aspirin and a steroid is OK and may help reduce the formation of potentially lethal abnormal blood clots. be greater if you have heart disease or risks for heart disease. To my knowledge, no studies have identified a probable safe lapse of time before re-administration of ketorolac for a subsequent severe episode of pain. Richest Field Hockey Player, Most can be restarted two days after surgery, when the bleeding risk is lower. Ketorolac has side effects that can be very dangerous. Store in a dry place. In people who already have heart failure, the chance of heart Ketorolac (brand name Toradol) should not be prescribed as stated in your question (60 pills with no limit on use), even in the most extreme or unique cases, and never in such large quantity. We would confirm that there were no undue risks, and if not, consider stopping the anticoagulation on the day of the procedure, keeping them off for 7 days for warfarin and 10 days for clopidogrel. 1996 Mar:95(3):147 [PubMed PMID: 8775277], Cragg A, Hau JP, Woo SA, Kitchen SA, Liu C, Doyle-Waters MM, Hohl CM. b~ Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight. For more information, please see our Do not use in women more than 30 weeks gestation. Take oral tablets with food to reduce stomach-related adverse effects. [7], Ketorolac can cause an increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarctions, and hemorrhagic stroke. You must declare any conflicts of interest related to your comments and responses. To my knowledge the limitation is based on risk of GI adverse events so I can't really estimate a suitable recovery period. This risk is especially high in patients who are elderly, dehydrated, diabetic, have preexisting kidney or liver impairment, or taking a number of commonly prescribed medications that also affect the kidneys. The maximum dose of ketorolac per day is 40mg. I have chronic headaches. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 1 May 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this medicine (ketorolac tablets). Revised 03/2022. High quantities or prolonged use of ketorolac can lead to hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. The risk may be higher for patients with pre-existing conditions and at higher dosages. Ketorolac (Oral Route, Injection Route) Description and Brand Names For more information, please see our Ketorolac Injection: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com [11] In addition, ketorolac can cause multiple skin issues, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis. Before using this medicine, you should discuss with your doctor the good that this medicine can do as well as the . Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Toradol Dosage Guide - Drugs.com Take with food if it causes an. %%EOF You must check Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol. Store at room temperature protected from light. Epub [PubMed PMID: 25717205], Hiovsk L, Jendelovsk R, Fedoroko P. Potency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chemotherapy. [6,7] The package insert states that[1]: The duration of treatment should not exceed 5 consecutive days; and. and our Click the topic below to receive emails when new articles are available. The molecular weight of ketorolac tromethamine is 376.41. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could information highlighted below and resubmit the form. It is also possible that the pharmacy entered the prescription incorrectly. He's also extremely interested in finding better ways to provide people with information on complex and often confusing healthcare topics in a way they can understand and relate to. I'll admit that I don't have a source (it's been a while since I've looked . You've successfully added to your alerts. I thought it was like any other anti-inflammatory. hVmO8+Z;B*eYzwprJU?HiS%voSPT{^?38aD0Ax$!NC59$Qp* b If you take this medicine (ketorolac tablets) on a regular basis, take a missed dose as soon as you think about it. Epub 2013 Apr 4 [PubMed PMID: 23558845], Revell S. Ketorolac-induced renal failure. Scan this QR code to download the app now. The risk can happen within the first weeks of using this medicine (ketorolac tablets) and may be greater with higher doses or long-term use. Trends in emergency physician opioid prescribing practices during the United States opioid crisis. this medicine (ketorolac tablets), call your doctor right away. Half-life: 5.6 hours for a single 30 mg IM or single10 mg oral dose, Single-dose: 0.5 mg/kg IV/IM once; not to exceed 15 mg, Multiple-dose: 0.5 mg/kg IV/IM q6h; not to exceed 5 days, IV: 15 mg in a single dose or 15 mg every 6 hours; do not exceed 60 mg/day, IM: 30 mg in a single dose or 15 mg every 6 hours; do not exceed 60 mg/day, PO: 10 mg once after IV/IM therapy, then 10mg every 6 hours; do not exceed 40 mg/day. Never use as a prophylactic analgesic before major surgery. Ketorolac tromethamine has a pKa of 3.5 and an n-octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.26. This medicine may raise the chance of severe and sometimes deadly stomach or bowel problems like ulcers or bleeding. Ketorolac Article - StatPearls Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor. Professionall. Seven NSAIDs were shown to increase the risk of heart failure, with ketorolac having the highest odds ratio of 1.83 vs. the lowest odds ratio of 1.16 for naproxen. Outline the importance of collaboration and coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance patient care when dosing, monitoring, and selecting appropriate patients for the use of ketorolac to improve outcomes for patients with acute moderate to severe pain. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Ketorolac injection should not be used for longer than 5 days, for mild pain, or for pain from chronic (long-term) conditions. Feel free to get in touch with us and send a message. high chance of bleeding or any active bleeding like bleeding in the brain. G However, it can also be raised even if you do not have heart disease or Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Its . Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions. Abstract. Ketorolac injection is given as an infusion into a vein. Generic name: Ketorolac Tablets [KEE-toe-role-ak] endstream endobj startxref During hospitalization of several days or longer, stop buprenorphine maintenance therapy, treat the opioid dependence with methadone at a dose of 20 to 40 mg daily, and add on short-acting analgesics for pain control. A shuttered US nuclear plant seeks to be the first to reopen There are no well-controlled adequate studies of ketorolac in pregnant women. Tips In light of the present opioid epidemic in the United States, seeking alternative pain reduction methods that either reduce or obviate the need for administering opioids is essential. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ketorolac for the treatment of moderate to severe pain (eg, postoperative pain). information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of A large case-controlled study spanning multiple European countries tested the risk of heart failure for 27 different NSAIDs, including 92,163 hospital admissions for heart failure and 824,6403 control patients. Treatment should not exceed 5 days. Oral ketorolac should only be used for continuation of injectable treatment with a total duration of use not to exceed 5 days. Toradol for migraine: How it works, side effects, and more You might have trouble sleeping and feel much more irritated and aggravated than usual. The Toradol tablet should be taken with a full glass of water. There is a problem with Wisconsin medical journal. Ketorolac inhibits cyclooxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis, may decrease fertility, and should not be recommended in women planning to conceive. The first 5 NSAIDs are more cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 selective, meloxicam and . The recommended oral dosing in adultsis a 20 mg single doseafter IV or IM therapy, then 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours, not exceeding 40 mg in 24 hours. Drug safety. Randall is a Doctor of Pharmacy and drug information specialist. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. So remember if the medication contains Salicyilate (Aspirin) you can usually stop it 2 weeks prior and restarted 1 week later. If a patient is allergic to acetaminophen they are not able to receive Ketorolac. Follow all instructions closely. IM Dosing: Renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg (110 lbs) of body weight: One dose of 30 mg. IV Dosing: Renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg (110 lbs) of body weight: One dose of 15 mg. For patients with renal impairment and less than 50 kg (110 lbs) of body weight: 15 mg ketorolac injection every 6 hours, and the maximum daily dose for senior adults should not exceed 60 mg. Based on animal studies, ketorolac is a Pregnancy Category C medicine. Most studies describe the use of injectable ketorolac for treating acute moderate to severe pain, and most assessed single-dose or continuous dosing for a defined period (ie, 48 hours, < 48 hours, 3 days, and 5 days) for pain management associated with surgical procedures. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Review/update the [2] Thus, it is a great pain management alternative or adjunct for pediatric (off-label for acute moderate to severe pain) or adult individuals for whom there is concern regarding opioid dependence. The risk is greater in 0 In an extensive pooled data set, all NSAIDs, including COX2 inhibitors, were shown to increase the relative risk for peptic ulcers, with ketorolac having the highest RR at 11.5. It may be given as a one-time dose or given on a regular schedule. Ketorolac should be used only when it is ordered by your doctor for treating certain kinds of pain. Tell your doctor about all the medications or supplements you take. 21 ketorolac has also been studied This is the time it takes for your body to reduce the plasma levels by half. Serious side effects can occur during treatment with this medicine. You will need to talk about any risks to your baby. The chance of heart attack and heart-related death is raised in people taking drugs like this one after a recent heart attack. One hundred twenty-nine vaginal surgery cases were identified in the study period. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pain management. It is commonly used postoperatively for pain management. This medicine may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant. Check with your Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. On the other hand anti-inflammatory medications also known as NSAIDS, such as Advil or Aleve can usually be stopped 1 week prior to surgery and restarted 1 week later. Ketorolac should not be used for longer than 5 days, including both injection plus tablets. Oral prescriptions are generally only used to briefly continue a patient who was started on IV ketorolac, again limited to 5 days total. Can Ketorolac Be Administered Intermittently? - Medscape Drugs. Some people who do not need more than one injection may receive one dose of 60 mg, injected into a muscle. Would Ketorolac every be prescribed 60 tablets at a time with no instructions on limiting use? Prostate Biopsies a Laughing (Gas) Matter? Transition from IV or IM dosing of ketorolac tromethamine (single- or multiple-dose) to multiple-dose TORADOLORAL: Patients age 17 to 64: 20 mg PO once followed by 10 mg q4-6 hours prn not >40 mg/day Patients age 65, renally impaired, and/or weight<50 kg (110 lbs): 10 mg PO once followed by 10 mg q4-6 hours prn not >40 mg/day Note: Your doctor should switch you to an alternative analgesic as soon as possible. Anesthesia and analgesia. Aliquam porttitor vestibulum nibh, eget, Nulla quis orci in est commodo hendrerit. However, I have a gut feeling that your doctor meant to, or actually did prescribe ketoprofen. Patient just got a 5 day rx on 7/15 and another doctor is writing another 5 day rx today. Please enter a Recipient Address and/or check the Send me a copy checkbox. There may be drug take-back programs in your area. Ketorolac is a powerful NSAID used only on a short-term basis for controlling moderate-to-severe pain that requires analgesia (pain relief) at the opioid level. Around 92% of a dose is excreted in urine as 60% as unchanged ketorolac and 40% as metabolites. 2013 May:116(5):1063-1075. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828a4b54. When you become physically dependent on a drug, you experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Oral ketorolac is usually only used as continuation therapy following IV or IM dosing of ketorolac (total dosing of both oral, IM, and IV ketorolac should not exceed five days). The liver can be affected by Benzalkonium Chloride + Moxifloxacin + Ketorolac. 6`82+"")D22`( MV` x$G4sp' nf?$+ YN. Do not use this medicine (ketorolac tablets) right before or after bypass heart surgery. The consensus in pharmacy school and from some preceptors was as you stated, 5 days on then at least 25 days off. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. Combining with alcohol may increase the risk of stomach ulcers or bleeding. Since this medication primarily undergoes hepatic metabolism, liver function tests should be checked at baseline and regularly monitored, especially in patients with liver compromise. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). As a pyrrolo-pyrrole, ketorolac is chemically related to indomethacin and tolmetin. Copyright: Merative US L.P. 1973, 2023. Pain medications having a lower propensity to induce GI bleeds, including other NSAIDs, should be considered for management of chronic conditions requiring analgesic therapy. 2015:10(4):e0122899. The majority of ketorolac and its metabolites are eliminated via the kidneys. May affect kidney function and should not be used by people with moderate-to-severe kidney problems or in those who are dehydrated. She is on Eliquis (apixaban) so we believe she should avoid any ibuprofen even topically applied. You should restart Benzalkonium Chloride + Moxifloxacin + Ketorolac only after medical advice. this medicine (ketorolac tablets) at other times during pregnancy. Hospital pharmacy. This medicine may raise the chance of severe and sometimes deadly stomach or bowel problems like ulcers or bleeding. You will receive email when new content is published. Do not exceed the upper daily maximum dosage of 40mg; additional pain-relieving effects of ketorolac are doubtful and serious adverse effects are more likely. Drug class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Ketorolac Oral, Intravenous, Injection, Intramuscular. Hormonal Birth Control. So 5 days is the max duration, how long until a patient can receive another 5 days worth? The risk of GI bleeds appears to be highest with ketorolac, and then in decreasing order, piroxicam, indomethacin (Indocin, others), naproxen (Aleve), ketoprofen, meloxicam (Mobic, others), diclofenac (Voltaren, Solaraze, others), and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others). If we combine this information with your protected 2016 Sep 28:354():i4857. Ketoprofen is also an NSAID, is typically dosed twice a day (so 60 tablets = 30 days supply with max use), and is similar to naproxen or ibuprofen in possible side effects. [2,3,4] When administered in conjunction with opioids for moderate to severe pain, ketorolac reduced opioid use by an average of 36%, thereby reducing opioid-related adverse events.[5]. You might have trouble sleeping and feel much more irritated and aggravated than usual. Amigesic. Most can be restarted two days after surgery, when the bleeding risk is lower. Ketorolac injection should not be used for longer than 5 days, for mild pain, or for pain from chronic (long-term) conditions. Adprin-B products. privacy practices. For the first time in the US, a decommissioned nuclear reactor is trying to be restarted thanks to the efforts of Michigan's governor and a company that normally tears old nuclear reactors down. 2020 Apr:38(4):735-740. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.011. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Many times this medicine (ketorolac tablets) is taken on an as needed basis. The risk may Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex. Why Can't Toradol (Ketorolac) Be Used For A Long Period Of Time? - Walrus It has significant potential to be useful in emergency room settings for moderate to severe pain, for which opioids are often regularly prescribed. Can affect blood clotting so should not be used in patients with or at high risk of bleeding. How and where is the Toradol injection given? - Drugs.com The effects of oral ketorolac may last for four to six hours. Keep all drugs in a safe place. Dosage may need adjusting in people over the age of 65 or under 50kg in body weight or with mild kidney dysfunction. Oral ketorolac should only be used for continuation of injectable treatment with a total duration of use not to exceed 5 days. If a patient is taking Xarelto (or similar drug) they can still receive Ketorolac. If you have any of these health problems: GI (gastrointestinal) bleeding, kidney disease, or ulcer disease. Pyridium is a urinary analgesic (pain reliever). Page 5 of 10 Therapeutic Agents Dosing & Duration Comments Remdesivir (3-day regimen) Note then 100 mg IV the eligibility criteria below. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). to make sure that it is safe for you to take this medicine (ketorolac tablets) with all of your drugs and health problems. ws@Fe27,Ph'+HKWNY34/]zS1v?2k4)PzE*#,!;GC= mvSc Talk with your doctor to see when you need to avoid taking this medicine (ketorolac tablets) during pregnancy. Armitage Produce Weekly Ad, Children up to 16 years of ageUse and dose must be determined by your doctor. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. In the emergency department, it is used to successfully treat musculoskeletal pain, migraines, and sickle cell crisis. Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute is a Blue Distinction Center for Cardiac Care. Toradol is used short-term (5 days or less) to treat moderate to severe pain. ]]@nA8x )bB,rm]\e Ketorolac should not be taken for more than five days. It will also highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, and other key factors (e.g., contraindications, monitoring, toxicity) pertinent for members of the interprofessional team in treating patients with acute moderate to severe pain. Sometimes, this has been deadly. Talk with the doctor. Oral Ketorolac 5 day dosing, when can you take again : r/pharmacy - Reddit Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets. Abbott Northwestern Hospital is ranked #1 in the Twin Cities and ranked nationally in cardiology and heart surgery by US News & World Report 2021-2022. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. In combination with opioids, ketorolac results in a significant decrease in opioid requirement and lowers the incidence of adverse effects such as vomiting and decreased gastrointestinal motility. Review the indications and appropriate dosing for ketorolac. Search Bing for all related images, FPNotebook does not benefit financially from showing this medication data or their pharmacy links. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. There is a trade-off though; while all NSAIDs affect and can damage the kidneys to some degree, ketorolac is associated with a higher frequency of serious kidney damage. It has higher demonstrated potency than most other NSAIDs.[3]. 12,23 Such a strategy of individualized therapy could help reduce ischemic events in poor responders to clopidogrel without . Ketorolac non-selective inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and COX-2. A healthcare professional usually injects liquid ketorolac into a vein or muscle. In combination with lithium, it increases the risk of lithium toxicity, given that lithium also gets excreted renally. Toradol should only be used as a short-term medication no more . Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of heart failure in four European countries: nested case-control study. It is not recommended to be givenintraoperatively or preoperatively due to the increased risk for bleeding. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. Ketorolac eye drops may cause stinging or irritation when first applied and they may increase the likelihood of eye infections. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. An interprofessional team can also be helpful in correctly identifying individuals who might benefit from alternative pain management medications or interventions and coordinating or assisting in implementing these alternate strategies. 218 0 obj <>stream Long term use of ketorolac can be extremely dangerous. For injection dosage form: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; Signs of kidney problems like unable to pass urine, change in how much urine is passed, blood in the urine, or a big weight gain. This medicine comes with an extra patient fact sheet called a Medication Guide. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Some people may be directed to take two tablets for the first dose only. Get Pain Relief With the Most Common Arthritis Medications. Ketorolac: 7 things you should know - Drugs.com Non-Prescription Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDS): Stop 7 days before . Code for counseling as appropriate (i.e. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on So remember if the medication contains Salicyilate (Aspirin) you can usually stop it 2 weeks prior and restarted 1 week later. Taking more than you are told may raise your chance of very bad side effects. The inhibition of these substances decreases pain, fever, and inflammation. Dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, and a headache. This medicine is not approved for use in children. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or intending to become pregnant, or planning to breastfeed. Pain in the postpartum period is common and considered by many individuals to be both problematic and persistent 1.Pain can interfere with individuals' ability to care for themselves and their infants, and untreated pain is associated with risk of greater opioid use, postpartum depression, and development of persistent pain 2.Clinicians should therefore be skilled in individualized . If either of these side effects occurs, do not drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert. The risk is greater in older people, and in people who have had stomach or bowel ulcers or bleeding before. Your blood flows too slowly through your veins. Toradol (Ketorolac Injection) Information - Drugs.com hb```e``rd`a`,bg@ ~+s\DdPXPrCN7Ip06x!9]#CEDPP1M l83tB ,)'R(0+~pdF& d`h```h`r=:B 2 tV -`z3r4`b^McaK,Ko N&um D g4V Furthermore, based on OCT, no patients in the ketorolac and steroid group had definite or probable CME, compared with six steroid patients (2.4 percent; p=0.018). Coordination of communication between all the above individuals on the interprofessional team is essential to ensure that the patient receives the proper care regarding this medication, thereby optimizing outcomes with its use. If your doctor confirms that ketorolac is what was prescribed, then I've provided more information below on the risks of this drug to help you make a decision for yourself. information submitted for this request. [12]Clinicians should make a deliberate effort to identify patients in these populations and, as a whole, decrease their opioid prescribing practices where possible. NSAIDs (such as ketorolac) have been associated with an increased risk of stroke or heart attack. Faculty AHIMA 2008 Audio Seminar Series ii Lori Purcell, RHIA, CCS As Director of Coding and Reimbursement for QHR, Ms. Purcell assists health care Aspirin Medications to Avoid. c?RS50)|njV 9thzqg6zGj_V]vUSM)X.gzlh6ZNjr;m{>-Bk1>Z"KX*XS)t~dure%pm/|xwSzaT4sT4R6+zhIxoKs5URO = Ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), decreases cyclooxygenase prostaglandin synthesis[1] resulting in anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects.
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