Adolf Hitler becomes president of Germany - History brings together political scientists from all fields of inquiry, regions, and WebNovember 1932 Election. The family is the bed-rock of the state; 8. Adolf Hitler salutes his supporters as he drives down the streets of Berlin, celebrating his intention to run in the German presidential election. Under the Weimar Republic, which had arisen from Germany's defeat in World War I, the presidency was a powerful office. There were two rounds to the presidential election of 1932. The first round was in March, but as no candidate won 50% of the vote there was a second round in April. Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1932 in Germany? The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. April 1932: Hindenburg, 19 million votes (53%); Hitler, 13 million votes (36%); Thlmann, 4 million votes (11%). German presidential election (1949 West German presidential election. 1932 German presidential election ), Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche, Geschftsbericht des Deutschen Beamtenbundes. So, the election was repeated, and the Nazis redoubled their efforts to win. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Why was the presidential election of 1932 in Weimar Germany important? Hindenburg Founded in 1903, the American Political Science Association is the major professional It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. science and contains an extensive book review section of the President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The American Political Science Review 18 The Hindenburg parties were: the German People's party, Agricultural party, German Hannoverian party, People's party, Christian Socialists, Center party, Bavarian People's party, Farmers' League, Economic, Democratic, and Social Democratic parties. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The three main candidates were: President. There were actually five major elections in 1932. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich Brning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. He increased his profile by travelling around the country to give speeches. research in colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad, one-fourth work Turbocharge your history revision with our revolutionary new app! The German National People's Party in an earlier election, drives through the streets with an anti-semitic poster on their truck. Nazi Party NSDAP. Germany's Communist Party, the KPD, deck out their campaign office with signs warning of the dangers of voting for Hitler. Although the Weimar Constitution had provided for a semi-presidential republic, structural weaknesses and political polarization had resulted in a paralyzed Reichstag and this combined with the Great Depression resulted in a government that had governed exclusively via presidential decrees since March 1930, giving the President much power. The National Socialist German Workers' Party headquarters courts voters by passing out balloons with tiny swastikas. 12 Hitler became a German citizen shortly before the election by becoming an official of the government of the state of Braunschweig, one of the seventeen German Lnder. What happened in the presidential election in 1932? The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich ( Reichsprsident ), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. He was now, for all intents and purposes, dictator. How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932-1933 - BBC Bitesize Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, 1933 - BBC Bitesize The threat of Hitler caused many on the left to support Hindenburg; at the same time, Hindenburg's failure to overturn the Weimar Republic had disappointed many of those who had supported him in 1925. It's a dark, The authority of leadership The authority of leadership must take the place of the parliamentary system; 3. 68Google Scholar. In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. In February 1933, Hitler blamed a devastating Reichstag fire on the communists (its true cause remains a mystery) and convinced President Hindenburg to sign a decree suspending individual and civil liberties, a decree Hitler used to silence his political enemies with false arrests. They'd been forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, including its War Guilt Clause, which put the full blame for the war squarely on Germany's shoulders along with its expenses. [2] However, at the end of May 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Brning as chancellor and replaced him with Franz von Papen, a renegade from the Centre Party, and a non-partisan "Cabinet of Barons". Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. On the far-right, the Harzburg Front collapsed, when the DNVP nominated the Stahlhelm leader Theodor Duesterberg as its own candidate. The support of the moderate Weimar coalition was also encouraged by the fact that, contrary to fears expressed at the time of his election in 1925, Hindenburg had not used his office to subvert the constitution, as Hitler now aimed to do. March 7, 1936 Hitler Reoccupies the Rhineland The area known as the Rhineland was a strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Hindenburg defeated Hitler in a runoff. There were two presidential elections; there were two national elections; and there was a big Prussian This page was last modified on 11 November 2015, at 00:18. Hitler received around a third of the vote and was defeated in the second round in April by Hindenburg, who won a narrow majority. Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932, while industrial production dropped by around 42%. Web1932 German presidential election; Metadata. 20 Fear of communism seems to have been one of the reasons why the government tolerated the Hitler army for so long. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. news media, and private enterprise. Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. By July 31, 1932, the people were angry. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. The incumbent President, Paul von Hindenburg, first elected in 1925, was re-elected to a second seven-year term of office. Chancellor Heinrich Brning steps out of the polling station after casting his vote against Hitler. Hindenburg had been elected to the office in 1925 with the support of a coalition of several parties on the right who hoped that he would overturn the Weimar Republic, which was never particularly popular. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. LS23 6AD Hitler; Mit ihmHindenburg; Wir nehmen das Schicksal der Nation in die HandeHitler wird Reichsprsident; Frontsoldaten deutsche Mnner und FrauenGebt die Antwort; Er hlt zu Euch, haltet ihm die Treue.. WebThe 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. The "Brownshirts" keep people in line at a Nazi Party rally. German presidential election, 1932 - INFOGALACTIC Indeed, leftist splinter parties such as the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany and the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund organization declared their support, as did intellectuals like Carl von Ossietzky. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. On February 27, Hindenburg paved the way to dictatorship and war by issuing the Reichstag Fire Decree which nullified civil liberties. Incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg was 84 years old and in poor health. The writer Gerhart Hauptmann, painter Max Liebermann, Artur Mahraun, leader of the Young German Order, the industrialist Carl Duisberg, as well as the former ministers Otto Gessler and Gustav Noske were among the signatories of the appeal, which convinced Hindenburg to run. This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Moreover, Hitler won more seats in 1932 (in either election) than any prior party had. Talk Elections General Politics Individual Politics (Moderator: The Dowager Mod) 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round previous next Pages: [ 1] Author Topic: 1932 German Presidential Election-First Round (Read 1870 times) Pages: [ 1] previous next Jump to: The Reichslandbund came out for Hitler in the second election. election Citizens and workers must become Germans; 2. That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary. Web1932 April Presidential election. German Presidential Election (1932 At the end of World War I, the country was crippled. Hindenburg, a monarchist and conservative, was personally offended by Hitler's gaining of most of righting votes. Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Reddit - Dive into anything "The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932", The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1932_German_federal_election&oldid=1144885216, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschdigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer, Worker and Farmer Party of Germany/Christian Radical People's Front, Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschdigten, National Socialist People's Alliance for Truth and Justice, Handwerker, Handels- und Gewerbetreibende, Kriegsteilnehmer, Kriegsbeschdigte und Kriegshinterbliebene, Gerechtigkeitsbewegung fr Parteienverbot gegen Lohn-, Gehalts- und Rentenkrzungen fr Arbeitsbeschaffung, Deutsche Einheitspartei fr wahre Volkswirtschaft, Untersttzungsempfnger- Partei Deutschlands, Hchstgehalt der Beamten 5000 M. Fr die Arbeitslosen und bis jetzt abgewiesenen Kriegsbeschdigten, Liste gegen Krzung der Invaliden-, Sozial- und Kriegsbeschdigtenrenten, Der ernste evangelisch-lutherische Christ (Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung), Bund Bayerisches Handwerk und Gewerbe, Haus- und Grundbesitz und Landwirtschaft, Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen, Kampfgemeinschaft der Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigten, Nationale Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigte, Party of the Unemployed for Work and Bread, Freiheitliche National-Soziale Deutsche Mittelstandsbewegung, National-soziale Partei gegen die Hauszinssteuer, Kampfgemeinschaft fr Handwerk, Gewerbe, Hausbesitz und Landwirtschaft, General Social-National Unity Worker Party of Germany, Freiwirtschaftsbewegung fr Freiland, Freigeld, Festwhrung, Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten und Auslandsgeschdigten, Kampfgemeinschaft der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten, This page was last edited on 16 March 2023, at 03:20. occupational endeavors. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Then, in 1924, a war profiteering and corruption scandal in the German government between former Chancellor Gustav Bauer and the Jewish Barmat brothers merchants brought on a whole new wave of anti-Semitism and distrust in the government. 9 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 58Google Scholar. Kurt von Schleicher, the new Chancellor of Germany, takes one last look at the placards before casting his vote. If no candidate received a majority, then a second round would be held. The presidential election was important because it showed how popular Hitler was. Duesterberg immediately faced a massive defamation campaign by the Nazis, who, however, still had to procure German citizenship for Hitler. 19 The exact quotation is Also geht hin und werbt fr Hindenburg. Boston Spa, The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence,[2] gaining 95 seats. On August 19, 1934, Adolf Hitler, already chancellor, is also elected president of Germany in an unprecedented consolidation of power in the short history of the republic. He wanted the chancellorship for himself. Company Reg no: 04489574. Boston House, 1932 German presidential election - Wikiwand These figures do not, of course, have anything directly to do with campaign finances, but merely suggest the financial strength of one of the largest trade union federations in Germany, which in 1932 actively supported the Social Democratic party and the cause of Hindenburg. Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority, and the other parties refused to co-operate, meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed. While it's easy to forget or misunderstand this, during the 1932 federal elections, nearly 14 million Germans voted for Hitler, the Nazis, and fascism. APSR features research from all fields of political The expectations of the Communists presenting "the only left candidate" were not fulfilled, nevertheless they continued their fight against the policies of the Social Democrats and nominated Thlmann for the second round on April 10. He scored higher election results in traditional Social Democratic and Centre strongholds such as the Prussian Rhine Province or Saxony. The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. Gesetz ber die Wahl des Reichsprsidenten, March 6, 1924, par. The federal election and Hitler's shot at becoming chancellor was just around the corner. This November vote was the last democratic national election held in prewar Germany. Hindenburg failed to receive the requisite majority of votes in the first round, but was able to win reelection in the runoff. discipline. To date, therefore, the 1932 election was the last occasion on which a direct presidential election has occurred in Germany. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. The History Place - Rise of Hitler: Hitler Runs for President While Hindenburg was frontrunner, Hitler's performance was shockingly high. The liberal German People's Party and the German State Party also declared their support. The Nazis made a mistake of marching with the Communists to support transport workers, thus alienating a lot of middle class voters. Hindenburg got 18,651,497 votes or 49%. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. The last election had been held in 1925. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg, (SVG file, nominally 726 572 pixels, file size: 3.64 MB), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0, Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 December 1-10, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 December 11-20, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 May 11-20, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 May 21-31, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Erinthecute, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1932_German_presidential_election_by_District_(2nd_round).svg&oldid=746767454, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Fixed borders in the Dsseldorf Regierungsbezirk. Although Hindenburg was re-elected, Hitler saw his vote share increase by 6%, proving that the Nazi party was growing its support quickly. 114Google Scholar. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Elecciones presidenciales de Alemania de 1932; 1932; eleiciones presidenciales d'Alemaa de 1932; eleccions presidencials alemanyes de 1932; Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932; 1932.; 1932; prsidentvalget i Tyskland 1932; 1932 Almanya cumhurbakanl seimleri; 1932; Presidentvalet i Tyskland 1932; 1932; 1932; 1932; 1932 ; elezioni presidenziali tedesche del 1932; lection prsidentielle allemande de 1932; 1932; 1932; Eleio presidencial na Alemanha em 1932; 1932.; Saksan presidentinvaalit 1932; ; 1932; Pemilihan umum Presiden Jerman 1932; Wybory prezydenckie w Niemczech w 1932 roku; 1932 ; 1932; Duitse presidentsverkiezing 1932; 1932; 1932; Predsedniki izbori u Nemakoj 1932.; 1932 German presidential election; 1932; 1932; Presidentvalget i Tyskland 1932; Election in Germany between Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler. "useRatesEcommerce": false It is not necessary for the president of Germany to be a native-born citizen. Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Wien (Museum of Military History, Vienna) 2014.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_presidential_election_(1932)&oldid=623893595, Elections and referendums in the Weimar Republic, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November. Fact or fiction: Adolf Hitler won an election
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