The planet will probably have several satellites. A) usually annual events, as the orbits again intersect. C) a few kilometers in size, and very low in density. The law of conservation of angular momentum. E) where the comet came from. B) interstellar space. It stops when the protoplanetary disk disappears or when the end of the disk is attained. d. mass per unit volume The terrestrial planets formed inside the frost line of the solar nebula and the jovian planets formed beyond it. D) All of the above are true. All planets lie in orbits close to the ________ plane. How do scientists determine how long ago Earth first formed? Before it arrived in orbit about Eros, the NEAR spacecraft visited Episode 12: Where do Baby Stars Come From. B) mass per unit volume. So the transition from the geocentric view and eternal state the way things are evolved with appreciation of dinosaurs and plate tectonics too and then refining the nebular idea the Nice model the Grand Tack model alittle more? This causes increased gravitational attraction which in turn causes more matter to come together and vice versa. Noting the doppler shifts of the star as the planet orbits. The idea that the Solar System originated from a nebula was first proposed in 1734 by Swedish scientist and theologian Emanual Swedenborg. The main issue was angular momentum distribution between the Sun and planets, which the nebular model could not explain. The hot-Jupiters and warm-Jupiters are thought to have migrated to their current orbits during or following their formation. In Nebular Theory, the Sun originated in a Nebula. E) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only, jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune only. The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of Originally proposed to explain the origin of the Solar System, this theory has gone on to become a widely accepted view of how all star systems came to be. b. false, Density is defined as: The Origin of the Solar System l The Big Bang - The Nine Planets Astronomy Exam 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com In contrast, the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed beyond the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for volatile icy compounds to remain solid (i.e. Both terrestrial and Jovian planets make up our solar system. They are smaller and composed mainly of metals and rocks. However, between our current models of star and planet formation, and the birth of our Universe, we have come a long way. As a variant they may collide with the central star or a giant planet. 3. All planets lie in orbits close to the ________ plane. Ch. Jupiter and Saturn formed earlier and captured nebular gas before it was cleared out. A similar but smaller and more detailed model was proposed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in his treatise Exposition du system du monde (Exposition of the system of the world), which he released in 1796. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. C) debris from the Kuiper Belt. Jupiter can be considered a clue, too massive to tilt by outside forces. These giant clouds are gravitationally precarious, and matter combines inside them to more modest denser clumps, which at that point rotate, collapse, and form stars. d. the velocity of the comet Pluto's orbit has a lower inclination to the ecliptic than any planet or dwarf planet, One characteristic of the terrestrial planets is their extensive moon systems, All the planet's orbits are evenly spaced, All the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction, except for Venus and Uranus. How Does the Interstellar Medium Help Form Stars? E) slower due to a decrease in angular momentum. D) away from the Sun and becomes longest and brightest at perihelion. Which statement about asteroids is not true? B) the asteroid Mathilde. (z > w): " << ! Why is the solar nebula theory considered a theory rather than a hypothesis? Chp. 12 Flashcards | Chegg.com Astronomy Cast also has an episode on the subject Episode 12: Where do Baby Stars Come From? Meteor showers are caused by an interaction between a planet and debris from a comet trail. A) the circular disk of gas around the Sun's equator from which the planets formed. Many meteorites appear to have formed very early in the solar system's history. Relate meteor showers to comets; explain why most are annual events. B) noting the drop in the star's light as the planet transits its disk. E) the polar cap of Mars. According to this theory, a star narrowly missed colliding, the late 19th century the Kant-Laplace views were criticized by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who showed that, if all the matter contained in the known planets had once been distributed around the Sun in the form of a disk, the shearing forces of differential rotation would have prevented, The book included his nebular hypothesisattributing the origin of the solar system to cooling and contracting of a gaseous nebulawhich strongly influenced future thought on planetary origin. D) the surface of Mars By Robert Hazen, Ph.D. , George Mason University. In composition, the ________ planets have rocky materials like the asteroids. If the mergers happen after the gas disk dissipates terrestrial planets can form, if in a transition disk a super-Earth with a gas envelope containing a few percent of its mass may form. Why? What is true about solar system densities? When it comes to the formation of our Solar System, the most widely accepted view is known as the Nebular Hypothesis. The study of star forming molecular clouds shows that same early, large stars form that way. B) terrestrials with very elongated, distant orbits like comets. Heres The Solar System, Did our Solar System Start with a Little Bang?, and What was Here Before the Solar System? A similar model, but with the planets being formed before the Sun, was proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. [64] The latter number represents the average lifetime of gaseous disks around Sun-like stars. The first one is the disk instability model, where giant planets form in the massive protoplanetary disks as a result of its gravitational fragmentation (see above). Instead, astronomers and observers must use other indirect methods to learn about the extrasolar planets. Comets are not actually members of the solar system, but have been captured by the Sun. According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. Create your account. The curved, yellow ________ tail lags behind the blue tail as the comet rounds the Sun. The disturbance could be, for example, the shock wave from a nearby supernova. [19] It starts with planetesimals that undergo runaway growth, followed by the slower oligarchic stage. The cells in connective tissue that forms new fibers are the _______. A) the direction the comet is traveling. And the whole idea of solar siblings has been busy the last few years. D) In differentiated bodies, the denser materials lie near their surfaces. Astronomy Unit 5 Flashcards | Quizlet While a terrestrial planet is a planet made of solid material, such as rock or metals, a Jovian planet is comprised of mostly gases (such as hydrogen, helium, or other similar gases). So, what this theory is saying is as follows: Originally, there was a rotating cloud of gas that condensed and flattened out like a pancake. Chapter 8: Formation of the Solar System - Chegg e. where the ecliptic is. In the farthest area, where the temperature was lower, condensation of matter more similar to that of the star occurred forming the giant or outer gas planets. C) Ida. Each year, or orbit around the sun, the Earth passes through that same debris trail, leading to an annual meteor shower. After reviewing this lesson, you should have the ability to: 28 chapters | E) the asteroid Gaspra. E) Saturn has the same density as water. c. cometary debris b. a few kilometers in size, and very low in density. D) everything past Mars and the asteroid belt The four inner planets, those closest to the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. A) all spin slower than the Earth. I feel like its a lifeline. The catastrophic hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars. "Birth of the planets: The Earth and its fellow planets may be survivors from a time when planets ricocheted around the Sun like ball bearings on a pinball table", "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog", "SPHERE Reveals Fascinating Zoo of Discs Around Young Stars", "Formation of protoplanet systems and diversity of planetary systems", "The evolution of viscous discs and the origin of the nebular variables", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "What Puts The Brakes On Madly Spinning Stars? According to the nebular hypothesis for the Earth's solar system formation, heavier materials that remained closer to the Sun's initial formation continued to orbit the newly ignited Sun and. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, what key difference in their early formation explains why the jovian planets ended up so different from the terrestrial planets? b. everything past Mars and the asteroid belt E) are in random orbits at all inclinations to the ecliptic. Although the nebular theory is widely accepted, there are still problems with it that astronomers have not been able to resolve. D) are all much more dense than any of the terrestrial planets. In this book, almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and many were solved. A) spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum. September 25, 2019. D) Giotto. It was during this time, from the 16th to 18th centuries, that astronomers and physicists began to formulate evidence-based explanations of how our Sun, the planets, and the Universe began. B) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an Earthgrazing asteroid. Describe two ways of detecting extrasolar planets. B) Dawn. It would have collapsed gravitationally (the particles of the Nebula began to gather and compress). B) The denser planets lie closer to the Sun. Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. Are generally small, rocky bodies sharing many similarities and also differences. a. true All rights reserved. quiz 8 Flashcards | Chegg.com away from the sun and becomes longest and brightest at perihelion. large asteroid impacting the Yucatan peninsula area, Meteor showers are the result of collisions between asteroids, Carbonaceous asteroids contain fragile organic molecules. C) Earth orbital X-ray images. Planetary Science: The Science of Planets around Stars, Second Edition, Michael M. Woolfson, p. 190, Brester, David (1876), "More Worlds Than One: The Creed of the Philosopher and the Hope of the Christian", Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, p. 153, As quoted by David Brewster, "More worlds than one: the creed of the philosopher and the hope of the Christian", Fixed stars and binary systems. According to our present theory of solar system formation, how did Earth end up with enough water to make oceans? ASTR 342: Chapter 15: Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets Our solar system was created from a dust and gas . The nebular hypothesis has thus become the prevailing theory of the origin of the solar system. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. They were produced by stars that lived and . 21. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form [74] The in situ growth of hot Jupiters from closely orbiting super Earths has also been proposed. However, there are some salient points that I think I have picked up earlier: something happened that caused the cloud to collapse. Omissions? A) close to or at aphelion. How far is a spring extended if it has 1.0J1.0 \mathrm{~J}1.0J of potential energy and its spring constant is 1,000N/m1,000 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}1,000N/m? The core grew large rapidly and triggered gas collapse onto the planet from the disk, a large factor being the stickiness of ices at the grain stage. Chapter 8 Concept Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet [d][61][65] If all embryos are removed, then no planets will form in this region. the jovian planets are more like the sun than are the terrestrials. There are the intrinsic gradualists and the extrinsic catastrophists. (z > w) << endl; Currently the best theory is the Nebular Theory . Discovery of Billions of Earth-Like Planets May Hold the Answer", "Formation of the Galilean Satellites: Conditions of Accretion", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebular_hypothesis&oldid=1151475103, This page was last edited on 24 April 2023, at 08:58. Planetary orbits d. IF They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. In 1755 the German philosopher Immanuel Kant suggested that a nebula in slow rotation, gradually pulled together by its own gravitational force and flattened into a spinning disk, gave birth to the Sun and planets. An interesting problem for terrestrial planets is the meter size problem (IIRC the name). According to this theory, the Sun and all the planets of our Solar System began as a giant cloud of molecular gas and dust. A) only Jupiter and Saturn Astronomy 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, GACE Special Education Mathematics & Science (088) Prep, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, SAT Subject Test Literature: Practice and Study Guide, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Create an account to start this course today. Which of the following are the jovian planets? [30][67] Searches as of 2011 have found that core accretion is likely the dominant formation mechanism. See Answer. Nice overview, and I learned a lot. [64] Hypotheses do not predict a merger stage, due to the low probability of collisions between planetary embryos in the outer part of planetary systems. C) A comet's tail never points perpendicular to its motion. Elliptical, Irregular & Spiral Galaxies | Types, Comparison & Shapes, Bioremediation: Microbes Cleaning Up the Environment. Intro to Astronomy Ch. 8 Flashcards | Quizlet Long-period comets are believed to originally come from [76] The in situ formation of closely orbiting super-Earths would require a massive disk, the migration of planetary embryos followed by collisions and mergers, or the radial drift of small solids from farther out in the disk. In the case of the Sun the resulting mass was not enough to lead to a closed star cluster as we can see circling the Milky Way, but an open star cluster where the stars would mix with other stars over the ~ 20 orbits we have done around the MW. George H. A. Cole (2013). According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen giant molecular clouds (GMC). The post-runaway-gas-accretion stage is characterized by migration of the newly formed giant planets and continued slow gas accretion. An error occurred trying to load this video. 38) The jovian planets e. Uranus, Which of the following are the jovian planets? d. located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. E) weight per square inch. d. a large meteorite impact The second most abundant element in the solar system is ________. B) a volcanic event. sixty degrees ahead or behind jupiter, sharing its orbit about the sun, The most distant objects in our solar system are E) Both A and C are correct. In composition, the ________ planets have rocky materials like the asteroids. (Venus may be an exception, since some claim it is becoming tidally locked to the Sun Mercury is instead locked in a 3:2 resonance and it is in fact now retrograde with a putative near axis lock.) D) rings around the jovian planets. Star Classification Types & Luminosity Class | How are Stars Classified? b. cout << "x != z: " << (x != z) << endl; While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe, and has been used to explain the formation of many of the exoplanets that have been discovered throughout our galaxy. E) Kuiper Belt bodies. B) the interstellar medium. Homework 6 (Chapter 18) Flashcards | Quizlet This site is using cookies under cookie policy . D) where the ecliptic is. Baker, Gregory L. "Emanuel Swenborg an 18th century cosomologist". As. E) a broken up cometary nucleus. most stars are too bright for us to decect a planetary transit. However, it has only been within the past few centuries, with the Scientific Revolution, that the predominant theories have been empirical in nature. ________ is the only planet with a mean density less than water. AST 111 Chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet C) at a constant rate. A) Trojan asteroids E) a few hundred kilometers across, and bright, shiny white from its ices. by star infall or radiation pressure flow outwards, before they are finished. [77], The amount of gas a super-Earth that formed in situ acquires may depend on when the planetary embryos merged due to giant impacts relative to the dissipation of the gas disk. B) the Trojan asteroids. Researchers estimate that there is more total mass in the Kuiper Belt than in the asteroid bel, Some meteorites are believed to have come from Mars and the Moon, As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins faster. ________ of young, condensing stars. E) away from the Sun and disappears at perihelion. [57] The second possibility is the core accretion model, which is also known as the nucleated instability model. C) asteroids n=1,690,541,699=74113232n=1,690,541,699=7^{4} \cdot 11^{3} \cdot 23^{2}n=1,690,541,699=74113232, Name each of the following molecular compounds: (6.5) In the solar nebular theory, the dusty disk condensing around the Sun's equator became the B) cools due to condensation.
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